云南农村哈尼族老年人慢性阻塞性肺疾病的流行现状及影响因素分析  

Prevalence and determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among the Hani ethnic minority older adults in rural Yunnan:a structural equation modeling method

作　　者：李皓 刘岚 李长鑫 徐帅 王波 刘杜丽 余孜孜 蔡乐 LI Hao;LIU Lan;LI Chang-xin;XU Shuai;WANG Bo;LIU Du-li;YU Zi-zi;CAI Le(NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine,Kunming Medical University,Kunming,Yunnan 650500,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]国家卫健委毒品依赖和戒治重点实验室,云南昆明650500 [2]昆明医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第6期966-969,993,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(72064026);云南省哲学社会科学创新团队(2023CX11);云南省创新团队(202005AE160002);云南省2023年大学生创新训练计划省级重点领域支持项目(202310678005)。

摘　　要：目的分析云南省农村哈尼族老年人慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,COPD)的患病现状及其影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取云南省墨江县农村1402名≥60岁哈尼族常住居民进行现场问卷调查和体格检查,并运用结构方程模型(Structure Equation Modeling,SEM)分析COPD患病的影响因素。结果云南农村哈尼族老年人COPD患病率为8.84%,其中男性患病率显著高于女性(12.04%和5.90%,χ^(2)=16.348,P<0.001);COPD的患病率随年龄的增加而升高(χ^(2)=5.625,P=0.018);哈尼族老年人中低体质指数者、有COPD家族史者和吸烟者的COPD患病率均高于非低体质指数者、无COPD家族史者和不吸烟者(χ^(2)=36.651,χ^(2)=13.791,χ^(2)=14.963,P<0.001)。SEM分析结果显示,性别、年龄、低体质指数、COPD家族史和吸烟均对COPD患病产生影响,其总效应分别为-2.53、0.66、1.79、1.20和0.30。结论云南农村哈尼族老年人COPD的患病率处于较低水平,其中男性、高龄、有COPD家族史者、低体质指数者和吸烟者是COPD防控的重点人群。Objective Toanalyze the prevalence and determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)among the Hani ethnic minority older adults in rural areas of Yunnan Province.Methods The multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to select 1402 rural Hani ethnic minority older adults aged≥60 years in Mojiang County,Yunnan,each participant received a questionnaire survey and physical examination.Structure Equation Modeling(SEM)was applied to assess the possible influencing factors of COPD status.Results Among the Hani ethnic minority older adults investigated,the prevalence of COPD was 8.84%.Men had a significantly higher prevalence of COPD than women(12.04%and 5.90%,χ^(2)=16.348,P<0.001).Prevalence of COPD increased with advancing age(χ^(2)=5.625,P=0.018).Hani older adults with a family history of COPD,individuals with low body mass index,and smokers had a higher prevalence of COPD than their counterparts(χ^(2)=13.791,χ^(2)=36.651,χ^(2)=14.963,P<0.001).The results of SEM analysis indicated that gender,age,low body mass index,smoking had an effect on prevalence of COPD with the total effects of-2.53,0.66,1.79,1.20 and 0.30,respectively.Conclusion The prevalence of COPD among Hani older adults was comparatively low in rural Yunnan,and men,advanced age groups,those with a family history of COPD,those with a low body mass index,and smokers were the priority populations for COPD prevention and control.

关 键 词：慢性阻塞性肺疾病 患病率 结构方程模型 影响因素 哈尼族老年人 

分 类 号：R563.9[医药卫生—呼吸系统]