试从《中国哲学家孔夫子》看“宋明新儒家”概念之渊源  

Exploring the Origin of the Concept “Neo-Confucian” from the Perspective of Confucius Sinarum Philosophus

作　　者：连凡[1] Lian Fan

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院

出　　处：《国际汉学》2024年第2期74-82,157,共10页International Sinology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“比较视域中的宋明儒学诠释路径研究”(项目编号:21FZXB023)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在1687年出版的《中国哲学家孔夫子》中,入华耶稣会士柏应理率先使用“新诠释者”和“无神论政客”概念来指称程朱理学家,并将程朱理学认定为有别于先秦儒学的“新哲学”。由此衍生出西方的“宋明新儒家(学)[Neo-Confucian(ism)]”概念。从概念的意义和范围来看,早期“宋明新儒家(学)”概念是耶稣会士为批判程朱理学而创造的一个消极概念,旨在说明以程朱理学为代表的宋明新儒学对先秦经典的新诠释及其无神论倾向与原始儒学不一致,强调儒学发展中的变异,并将宋明新儒学视为可与天主教共存的世俗教化思想。其后随着中西“礼仪之争”矛盾的激化和西方对中国思想认识的深化,耶稣会士转而强调儒学发展中的继承,将宋明新儒学视为一种与先秦儒学一脉相承的宗教意识形态体系。西方对宋明新儒学从“无神论”到“有神论”的诠释变化,一方面反映了耶稣会士对宋明新儒学的态度已经从排斥转向同化,另一方面也反映了传教策略从求同存异的跨文化立场转向西方中心主义的立场。《中国哲学家孔夫子》在这一转变过程中起到了承上启下的重要作用。In the book Confucius Sinarum Philosophus published in 1687,Philippe Couplet,a Flemish Jesuit working in China,was the first to use the concepts of “Neoterici Intérpretes” and “Atheopoliticus” referring to Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism,and recognized it as a “neo-philosophy” distinct from pre-Qin Confucianism,which gave rise to the Western concept of “Neo-Confucian(ism)”.From the perspective of the meaning and scope of this concept,the early concept of “Neo-Confucian(ism)” was a negative concept created by the Jesuits for criticizing the Cheng-Zhu school to indicate that Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism provided a new interpretation of pre-Qin classics and it was not inconsistent with the original Confucianism in atheistic tendency,but a secular enlightened thought that could coexist with Catholicism,emphasizing the variation in the development of Confucianism.Later,with the intensification of the conflicts related to the Rites Controversy and the deepening of Western understanding of Chinese thought,the Jesuits turned to regard Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism as a religious thought system that came down in one continuous line with Confucianism from the Pre-Qin period,emphasizing this inheritance in the development of Confucianism.This change in the Western interpretation of the Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism from “Atheism” to “Theism” indicated that the Jesuits no longer rejected Neo-Confucianism(Cheng-Zhu school) but began to assimilate it,and they shifted their missionary strategy from the cross-cultural common-ground-seeking communication in the reservation of differences to Western-centrism.The Confucius Sinarum Philosophus played an important role in this transformation as a bridge between the past and the future.

关 键 词：《中国哲学家孔夫子》 新诠释者 无神论政客 宋明新儒家(学) 耶儒交涉 

分 类 号：B141[哲学宗教—世界哲学]