规模化养鸡场鸡粪“两段式”好氧堆肥工艺研究  

Study on“Two-Stage”Composting Technology of Chicken Manure in Large-Scale Chicken Farm

作　　者：刘敏茹[1,2,3] 林镇荣 李家杰[1,2,3] 郭华芳 Liu Minru;Lin Zhenrong;Li Jiajie;Guo Huafang(Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy,Guangzhou 510640,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州能源研究所,广东广州510640 [2]中国科学院可再生能源重点实验室,广东广州510640 [3]广东省新能源和可再生能源研究开发与应用重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东化工》2024年第6期57-60,共4页Guangdong Chemical Industry

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金自然科学基金(2023A1515011299)。

摘　　要：好氧堆肥是鸡粪资源化利用的重要途径,它不仅能够解决鸡粪污染问题,还能够产生有机肥用于土壤改良,增强土壤肥力。但在工程应用上,传统的槽式堆肥发酵周期长,而罐式堆肥又常因物料含水率过高而难以启动,发酵效果不甚理想。本研究设计了一种“两段式”好氧堆肥工艺,通过初级发酵槽(第一阶段)发酵降低了物料含水率,从而实现了物料在立式发酵罐(第二阶段)内的快速腐熟。应用该工艺的示范工程已完成建设并稳定运行,对发酵完成后的物料进行腐熟度评价,发现物料的pH、含水率、有机质、蛔虫卵死亡率、种子发芽指数等评价指标均已满足要求,可作为肥料使用。Composting is one of the important recycling methods to treat chicken manure.It can not only solve the chicken manure pollution,but also convert chicken manure into fertilizer,which could be used for soil improvement and soil fertility enhancement.However,in engineering application,the decomposition time of raw materials in traditional trough composting system was long,while in-vessel composting system was difficult to start because of the high moisture content of chicken manure,resulting in poor quality compost product.In this study,a“two-stage”aerobic composting process was designed.The water content of the raw materials was reduced by the primary trough composting(the first stage),so that in the in-vessel composting(the second stage),the materials were decomposed rapidly.The demonstration project with the application of this process has been completed and operated stably.After composting,the maturity of the compost product was evaluated.The results revealed that the indexes such as pH,water content,organic matter,mortality rate of ascaris eggs and seed germination met the requirements,high quality fertilizer was obtained.

关 键 词：鸡粪 堆肥工艺 工程应用 自动控制 腐熟度 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S813.4[农业科学—畜牧学]