早熟甘蓝型油菜不同生育阶段氮素亏缺与补偿效应研究  

Study on Nitrogen Deficiency and Compensatory Effect of Early Maturing Rapeseed at Different Growth and Development Stages

作　　者：邹小云[1] 黄杨 闫蕾 任寒 ZOU Xiao-yun;HUANG Yang;YAN Lei;REN Han(Crops Research Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oilcrops Biology,Nanchang 330200,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院作物研究所/江西省油料作物生物学重点实验室,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2024年第1期8-13,共6页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060436、31760393);江西省“双千计划”科技创新高端人才项目(jxsq2019201013);江西省杰出青年人才资助计划(20171BCB23082);江西省优势科技创新团队计划(20152BCB24013)。

摘　　要：为探明早熟油菜不同生育阶段氮素亏缺与补偿效应,以赣油105为试验材料,通过盆栽方式,分别于苗期、越冬期、抽薹期、初花期及终花期进行不施氮、后一生育阶段等量和加倍恢复供氮处理试验,分析了不同处理下早熟甘蓝型油菜的产量及其相关性状、干物质量、氮素吸收与利用效率等指标。结果表明:越冬期至抽薹期氮素亏缺对早熟甘蓝型油菜干物质生产积累影响较大,其加倍施氮处理较等量施氮处理下的总干物质量增加了7.71%;越冬前和初花后氮素亏缺对早熟甘蓝型油菜单株籽粒产量影响较小;越冬期缺氮显著降低了早熟油菜的株高和一次有效分枝数,抽薹期缺氮对单株有效角果数影响最大;早熟油菜产量相关性状及干物质量均存在一定的氮素亏缺补偿效应,各指标补偿效应的大小及补偿有效期存在一定的差异;越冬期至抽薹期保证氮素的充分供应对早熟油菜的氮肥吸收利用效率可起到优化的效果。综上,本研究初步确定了早熟甘蓝型油菜越冬期至抽薹期是氮素需求的关键期和敏感期,初花期是氮素补偿的有效关键期。In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen deficiency and compensation in early maturing rapeseed at different growth stages,yield and its components,dry matter accumulation,and nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency were investigated with Ganyou 105 as material under the treatment of nitrogen deficiency at the stages of seedling stage,overwintering stage,bolting stage,initial flowering stage and final flowering stage then equal and double quantity nitrogen recovery application at the later growth stage by means of pot experiments.The results showed that nitrogen deficiency from overwintering stage to bolting stage had a significant effect on dry matter mass,and the total dry matter mass increased by 7.71%with double quantity nitrogen recovery application compared with equal quantity nitrogen application.Nitrogen deficiency before overwintering stage and after first flowering stage had little effect on yield per plant of rapeseed.Plant height and effective branch number of rapeseed were significantly reduced under nitrogen deficiency at overwintering stage,and nitrogen deficiency at bolting stage had the greatest effect on effective pod number per plant.There were some compensation effects on seed weight per plant,effective pod number per plant,seed number per pod,effective branch number and dry matter mass,but there were some differences in compensation effect and validity compensation period of each index.Nitrogen application sufficiently from overwintering stage to bolting stage would optimize nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency.In general,the nitrogen demand and nitrogen deficiency sensitive critical period in early maturing rapeseed were from overwintering stage to bolting stage,and the effective nitrogen compensation critical period in early maturing rapeseed was initial flowering stage.

关 键 词：早熟油菜 氮素亏缺 产量 氮肥利用 补偿效应 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]