大规模灌溉对海河流域气候影响模拟研究  

Simulation of climate effect of large-scale irrigation in Haihe River Basin

作　　者：桂云鹏 赵勇[1] 杨明祥[1] 王庆明[1] 翟家齐[1] GUI Yunpeng;ZHAO Yong;YANG Mingxiang;WANG Qingming;ZHAI Jiaqi(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第3期138-146,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3200200);国家杰出青年科学基金项目(52025093)。

摘　　要：为保障粮食安全,海河流域常年灌溉水量200亿m3以上,而大规模灌溉对区域气候产生显著影响,为揭示大规模灌溉的气候效应,该研究构建海河流域区域气候模式WRF(weather research and forecasting model),在WRF陆面模块中,开发灌溉精细化模拟的新方案,设计关闭灌溉的控制试验与开启灌溉的敏感性试验,模拟分析大规模灌溉对海河流域气候的影响。结果表明,灌溉使得海河流域潜热通量增加,显热通量减少,4—6月变幅最大。灌溉导致流域3—11月气温降低,其中4—6月降温最大,且空间上总体表现为灌溉量越多的地区降温越大,4—6月平原区降温0.64℃,子牙河平原与大清河淀西平原交界地带降温超过1.0℃。灌溉主要影响对流性降水,导致海河流域年降水增加6.07 mm,集中在4—6月,空间上主要在大清河流域与子牙河流域,其中大清河山区4—6月降水增加15~30 mm。灌溉改变近地表气象要素,使得流域参考作物蒸散发量减少,单位面积作物需水量降低。因此,大规模灌溉的气候效应在供需两侧支撑保障流域水安全,在一定程度上缓解流域水资源供需矛盾。研究可为水资源优化配置与水资源安全保障布局等提供基础支撑。The Haihe River Basin is one of the most important grain production bases in China,such as winter wheat and summer corn.Natural precipitation cannot fully meet the water demand of crops in this region.Supplementary irrigation has been widely used to meet the growth needs of crops.The annual irrigation water volume has exceeded 20 billion m3,in order to ensure national food security.Large-scale irrigation has posed a significant impact on the climate,thus altering the local ecological environment,crop cultivation and growth in the irrigation area.Therefore,there is a high demand to explore the impact of irrigation on the climate,particularly for a comprehensive understanding of regional climate change,water resource management,and ensuring food security.In this study,a new irrigation scheme was developed in the land surface module of the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model,in order to simulate the climatic effects of large-scale irrigation in the Haihe River Basin.Actual statistical irrigation water volume data was used with the proportion of grid unit cultivated land area to total cultivated land area as the weight to spatially distribute the irrigation water volume.Then,the irrigation water volume was distributed to the month,according to the irrigation area and irrigation system of the main crops.The results indicated that the irrigation caused an increase in the soil moisture in farmland,leading to an increase in the evaporation,and latent heat flux,whereas,there was a decrease in the sensible heat flux.Irrigation led to an average increase of 10.76W/m2 in the latent heat flux,and a decrease of 7.19W/m2 in the sensible heat flux from April to June.The increase in the latent heat flux was consistent with the decrease in the sensible heat flux in both time and space.The increase in the latent heat flux was greater than the decrease in the sensible heat flux.The larger the irrigation area and month were,the greater the increase in latent heat flux and the decrease in sensible heat flux.Irrigation had a sig

关 键 词：灌溉 气候变化 气候模型 海河流域 

分 类 号：P463.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]