自然光照条件下苦草生长及去除氮磷能力研究  

Growth,nitrogen and phosphorus removal ability of Vallisneria natans under natural light

作　　者：马帅兵 吕亚兵 姜鸣晨 林深 何东 徐聚臣 侯杰[1,2] 何绪刚[1,2] 李迎春[3] MA Shuaibing;LÜYabing;JIANG Mingchen;LIN Shen;HE Dong;XU Juchen;HOU Jie;HE Xugang;LI Yingchun(College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Green Development of Bulk Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,Wuhan 430070,China;Agricultural Science Research Institute of Macheng,Huanggang 438300,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,武汉430070 [2]长江经济带大宗水生生物产业绿色发展教育部工程研究中心,武汉430070 [3]麻城市农业科学研究所,黄冈438300

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2024年第2期47-55,共9页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2022BBA0058);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662023SCPY004)。

摘　　要：为探究苦草型清水态养殖水深的适宜控制范围,依据池塘中苦草自然分布水深,设置全日光光强的5%(L1)、15%(L2)、25%(L3)和35%(L4)4个光强梯度组(L1为适宜光强组,L2、L3和L4为强光组),对应池塘水下深度分别为1.0~1.1、0.6~0.8、0.4~0.6和0.3~0.4倍透明度,研究自然光照周期和强度下苦草(Vallisneria natans)的生长、抗氧化和净化能力。结果显示:自然光照周期下,苦草总生物量随光照强度增强(5%~35%全日光范围)而显著增加,叶片长度最大值出现在L2组;L2、L3和L4组丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著低于L1组;水中溶解氧(DO)含量和pH值L3和L4组显著高于L1组,而叶绿素a(Chl a)含量相反;各组铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)和亚硝态氮(NO_(2)^(-)-N)质量浓度分别在3、2周内快速下降到较低水平(分别<0.30、<0.02 mg/L);除L1组外,其他组硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、总氮(TN)质量浓度随时间以不同速率持续下降,直至试验结束(分别<2.50、<3.00 mg/L),一定程度与光照强度呈负相关;L3和L4组谷氨酸合成酶(FdGOGAT)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著高于L1和L2组;各组对正磷酸盐(PO_(4)^(3-)-P)和总磷(TP)去除率均达80%以上,表现出较好的去除效果。结果表明,苦草型清水态养殖水位宜控制在苦草上方约0.3~0.6倍透明度范围内。In order to explore the optimal control range of water depth for Vallisneria natans type aquiculture,based on the natural distribution water depth of V.natans in the pond,four light intensity gradient groups,including 5%(L1),15%(L2),25%(L3),and 35%(L4)of the full sunlight intensity(L1 was the suitable light intensity group,L2,L3,and L4 were the strong light groups),were set up,corresponding to the underwater depth of 1.0-1.1,0.6-0.8,0.4-0.6,and 0.3-0.4 times the transparency of the pond,respectively,to study the growth,antioxidant,and purification ability of V.natans under natural light period and intensity.The results showed that under natural light period,the total biomass of V.natans increased significantly with the increase of light intensity(5%-35%full sunlight range),and the maximum leaf length appeared in L2 group.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in L2,L3,and L4 groups were significantly lower than those in L1 group;the content of dissolved oxygen(DO)and pH values in water in L3 and L4 groups were significantly higher than those in L1 group,while the chlorophyll a(Chl a)content was opposite.The concentrations of ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and nitrite nitrogen(NO_(2)^(-)-N)in each group rapidly decreased to lower levels(<0.30,<0.02 mg/L)within 3 and 2 weeks,respectively;except for group L1,the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N)and total nitrogen(TN)in other groups continued to decrease at different rates with time until the end of the experiment(<2.50,<3.00 mg/L),which was negatively correlated with light intensity to a certain extent.The activities of glutamate synthase(Fd-GOGAT)and alkaline phosphatase(AKP)in L3 and L4 groups were significantly higher than those in L1 and L2 groups,and the removal rates of orthophosphate(PO_(4)^(3-)-P)and total phosphorus(TP)in each group were more than 80%,showing good removal effects.Research has shown that the water level for V.natans type aquiculture should be controlled within a range of about 0.3 to 0.6 times

关 键 词：光照强度 苦草 生长状况 水体氮磷 净化能力 草型池塘 

分 类 号：S964.3[农业科学—水产养殖]