辽宁5座水源地水库底栖动物群落结构特征比较  

Comparative study on zoobenthos community characteristics in five drinking water reservoirs in Liaoning Province

作　　者：温梦杰 邱龙辉 贾璐歌 李江维 李爽 沈建忠[1] WEN Mengjie;QIU Longhui;JIA Luge;LI Jiangwei;LI Shuang;SHEN Jianzhong(College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Liaoning Tanghe Reservoir Management Bureau Co.Ltd.,Liaoyang 111000,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,武汉430070 [2]辽宁省汤河水库管理局有限责任公司,辽阳111000

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2024年第2期175-187,共13页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”专项(2019YFD0900700);辽宁省水源地有机渔业有限责任公司委托项目。

摘　　要：为探究辽宁省5座水源地水库—观音阁、白石、柴河、清河和汤河水库底栖动物的群落结构特征,并根据底栖动物的现存量估算鱼产潜力,为这5座水库保水渔业的放养捕捞提供科学依据,于2019-2020年开展季节性调查,共检出底栖动物67种,其中,节肢动物52种,以摇蚊幼虫为主,有39种;寡毛类12种,主要为颤蚓和仙女虫;软体动物3种,分别为观音阁和汤河水库检出的椭圆萝卜螺,以及观音阁和白石水库的梨形环棱螺和褶纹冠蚌。检出种类以汤河水库最多,39种,其次为观音阁水库34种,白石水库最少,仅23种。密度以白石水库最高,1546.89 ind/m^(2),其次为观音阁水库658.33 ind/m^(2),汤河水库最低,481.92 ind/m^(2)。生物量以白石水库最高,7.76 g/m^(2),其次为汤河水库5.68 g/m^(2),清河水库最低,2.49 g/m^(2)。5座水库密度在春、夏、秋季均可出现峰值,但最低值皆出现在夏季;生物量则以春、冬季较高,夏、秋季较低。各库密度和生物量总体表现为静水区最高,仅观音阁水库密度和生物量、白石水库生物量峰值出现在过渡区。观音阁和柴河水库河流区至坝前密度和生物量总体以寡毛类为主,而入水口以摇蚊幼虫占比最高;清河水库和汤河水库入水口至静水区密度和生物量总体以摇蚊幼虫为主,而坝前均以寡毛类占比最高;白石水库入水口至过渡区主要为摇蚊幼虫,坝前静水区以寡毛类为主。群落聚类与MDS排序结果显示,观音阁、柴河和清河水库群落较为相似,而白石水库和汤河水库群落相似性较低,且与观音阁、柴河和清河水库差异明显。CCA结果显示,水深、总氮、氨氮、DOC、叶绿素a含量是5座水库影响底栖动物密度的关键因子。底栖动物种类组成受总氮、氨氮影响明显,汤河水库总氮、氨氮含量最低,表现为种类最多,摇蚊幼虫优势地位高;白石水库中总氮、氨氮含量最高,表现为种类最少,水丝蚓优To find out the community structure of zoobenthos in five drinking water reservoirs including Guanyinge Reservoir,Baishi Reservoir,Chaihe Reservoir,Qinghe Reservoir,and Tanghe Reservoir,in Liaoning Province,and to estimate the potential fishery production according to the stock of zoobenthos,then to provide scientific guidance for the stocking and fishing of water conservation fisheries,seasonal surveys of the five reservoirs were carried out in 2019-2020.A total of 67 taxa,belonging to 3 phyla were identified.Among them,39 species were chironomid larvae and 12 species were oligochaetes mainly Tubifex and Naididae.Only three species of mollusks were identified,including Radix swinhoei collected from Guanyinge Reservoir and Tanghe Reservoir,Bellamya purificata collected from Guanyinge Reservoir,and Cristaria plicata collected from Baishi Reservoir.The most species were detected in Tanghe Reservoir with 39 species,followed by 34 species in Guanyinge Reservoir,and the least in Baishi Reservoir with 23 species.The density was the highest in Baishi Reservoir with 1546.89 ind/m^(2),followed by Guanyinge Reservoir with 658.33 ind/m^(2),and the lowest was Tanghe Reservoir with 481.92 ind/m^(2).The biomass was the highest in Baishi Reservoir with 7.76 g/m^(2),followed by Tanghe Reservoir with 5.68 g/m^(2),and the lowest was Qinghe Reservoir with 2.49 g/m^(2).The highest density of five reservoirs occurred in spring,summer and autumn,but the lowest values were all in summer.The biomass was higher in spring and winter,and lower in summer and autumn.The density and biomass of each reservoir was the highest in the still water zone.Only the highest density and biomass in Guanyinge Reservoir and biomass in Baishi Reservoir appeared in the transition zone.The density and biomass of Guanyinge Reservoir and Chaihe Reservoir were mainly composed of oligochaetes from the river zone to the front of the dam,while the reservoir entrance was dominated by chironomid larvae.The density and biomass of Qinghe Reservoir and Tanghe Reservoir

关 键 词：底栖动物 群落结构 鱼产潜力 环境因子 水源地水库 辽宁省 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]