油菜基质块移栽机苗床带整备装置设计与试验  

Design and test of seedbed belt preparation device for rapeseed substrate block transplanter

作　　者：李心志 廖庆喜[1,2] 袁华 韩静轩 王磊 符明联[3] LI Xinzhi;LIAO Qingxi;YUAN Hua;HAN Jingxuan;WANG Lei;FU Minglian(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River,Wuhan 430070,China;Institute of Cash Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650000,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070 [3]云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所,昆明650000

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2024年第2期215-226,共12页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：云南省创新引导与科技型企业培育计划项目(202204BI090020)。

摘　　要：针对现有油菜基质块苗移栽机开沟装置作业存在沟宽稳定性差、沟底面平整度低、土壤扰动大等现象,导致立苗率低、覆土作业难度大等问题,基于船式开沟器腔体大以及芯铧式开沟器作业构建宽苗床、平沟底特点,结合类铧式曲面衔接过度,设计了一种适用于油菜基质块苗移栽机苗床构建的苗床带整备装置。建立了土壤与整备装置互作力学模型,确定了苗床带整备装置构建稳定苗床的主要结构参数。以整备装置作业速度、作业深度、类铧式曲面前端宽度、刃口角为因素,以土壤扰动量、沟宽变异系数为评价指标,利用EDEM开展四因素三水平二次正交组合仿真试验,试验结果显示:作业深度为41 mm、作业速度为0.52 m/s、类铧式曲面前端宽度为40 mm、刃口角为61°时土壤扰动量较小且沟宽变异系数较小;较优参数组合下台架试验得出土壤扰动量为13.01 cm^(2),沟宽变异系数8.52%。田间试验结果显示:安装在移栽单元上的苗床带整备装置相较船式开沟器的载苗基质块立苗率增加2.09百分点,沟宽变异系数减少13.3%,土壤扰动量减少20.9%,沟底面紧实度增加28.7%,满足油菜基质块苗机械移栽苗床构建要求。A seedbed belt preparation device suitable for constructing rapeseed substrate block seedling transplanters was designed based on the large cavity of the boat type furrow opener and the characteristics of constructing a wide seedbed and a flat furrow bottom through the operation of the core ploughshare furrow opener,combined with the excessive connection of the similar ploughshare surface to solve the problems of poor stability of the furrow width,low flatness of the furrow bottom,and large soil disturbance,resulting in low seedling rate and high difficulty in soil covering operations in the operation of furrow opener device of rapeseed substrate block seedling transplanter.A mechanical model for the interaction between soil and preparation device was established.The main structural parameters for constructing a stable seedbed with a seedbed belt preparation device were determined.A four-factor and three-level quadratic orthogonal combination simulation test was conducted using EDEM and taking the operating speed,working depth,front-end width of the brush type surface,and edge angle of blade as factors,the soil disturbance amount and coefficient of variation of ditch width as evaluation indicators.The results of quadratic orthogonal combination test showed that the soil disturbance amount and the coefficient of variation of the ditch width was small when the working depth,the operating speed,the front-end width of the brush type surface and the edge angle of blade was 41 mm,0.52 m/s,40 mm,and 61°,respectively.The results of bench test under the optimal parameter combination showed that the soil disturbance amount was 13.01 cm^(2)and the coefficient of variation of the ditch width was 8.52%.The results of field comparative test showed that the seedling bed equipped with the preparation device installed on the transplanting unit increased the seedling rate of the substrate block by 2.09 percentage points,decreased the coefficient of variation of the ditch width by 13.3%,reduced soil disturbance by 20.9%,and increa

关 键 词：油菜 移栽机 苗床带整备装置 类铧式曲面 机械移栽 

分 类 号：S223.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]