深水网箱养殖水性给料投饲机设计与研究  

Design and study of water-based feeding machine for deep-sea cage culture

作　　者：张世中 张天时[1] 刘国涛 祝明韦 杨涛 赵磊 ZHANG Shizhong;ZHANG Tianshi;LIU Guotao;ZHU Mingwei;Yang Tao;ZHAO Lei(Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China;Qingdao Haixing Smart Equipment Limited company,Qingdao 266200,Shandong,China;Sanya Yazhou Bay Agriculture and Fisheries Development Limited company,Sanya 572000,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛海兴智能装备有限公司,山东青岛266200 [3]三亚崖州湾农渔业发展有限公司,海南三亚572000

出　　处：《渔业现代化》2024年第2期39-44,共6页Fishery Modernization

基　　金：海南省科技专项(ZDYF2022GXJS347);国家重点研发计划重点专项项目(2022YFF1000300)。

摘　　要：为解决水产养殖中投饲劳动强度大、饲料破损率高、饲料浪费多,尤其是在深水网箱养殖中普通投饲机难以输送饲料至一定深度的问题,设计了一种专用的深水养殖水性给料投饲机。该投饲机结合了深水养殖的特点,以及之前在沉浮式网箱养殖方面的经验,并进行了相应试验来确定适宜的饲料与水质量比,以及进水泵功率和送料高度对吸料效率的影响,进行了饲料和水不同配比,以及不同水泵功率和不同输料深度等试验。结果显示:适宜的饲料与水质量比为1∶6;随着进水泵功率的增加,吸料效率升高;当进水泵功率保持不变,随着水深深度的增加,吸料效率逐渐减小;在进水泵功率为7.50 kW、扬程46 m时,该投饲机的吸料效率均值可达到9.46 kg/min,输送深度为水下10 m以下,满足了沉浮式网箱深水养殖的饲料投喂需求。研究表明,该水性给料投饲机可以在深水养殖中实现水下投饲,解决了深水网箱养殖面临的重要问题,并且具有较高的性价比,具有广泛应用和推广的潜力。A specialized water-based feeding machine for deep-sea culture has been designed to address laborintensive feeding,high feed damage rates,and excessive feed wastage in aquaculture.This is particularly useful in deep-sea cage culture where conventional feeding machines struggle to deliver feed to certain depths.The feeding machine combines the characteristics of deep-sea culture with previous experience in sinking and floating aquaculture cages.Relevant experiments were conducted to determine the suitable feed-to-water weight ratio,water pump power,and the effect of conveying height on the suction rate after conducting experiments with different ratios of feed and water,as well as varying water pump power and different feeding depths.The results showed that the suitable feed-to-water mass ratio is 1∶6.As the water pump power increases,the suction rate also increases.When the water pump power remains constant,the suction rate decreases with the increase of the delivery pipe height.With a water pump power of 7.50 kW and a lifting height of 46m,the average suction rate of the feeding machine can reach 9.46 kg/min.The delivery depth can reach below 10 meters underwater,meeting the feeding requirements of sinking and floating aquaculture cages in deep water.Therefore,the water-based feeding machine enables underwater feeding in deep-water cage aquaculture,addressing a significant challenge in this field.It offers a cost-effective solution with great potential for widespread application and promotion.

关 键 词：投饲机 深远海养殖 深水网箱 沉浮式网箱 吸料效率 输送深度 

分 类 号：S969[农业科学—水产养殖]