不同种植密度对野大麦产量及牧草品质的影响  

Effects of Different Planting Densities on Yield and Forage Quality of Wild Barley

作　　者：贺文骅 海涛 刘计璇 赵鑫 邹岩 孙雪 苏一诺 于森 王贺 谢佳铭 廖壮 李红 HE Wenhua;HAI Tao;LIU Jixuan;ZHAO Xin;ZOU Yan;SUN Xue;SU Yinuo;YU Sen;WANG He;XIE Jiaming;LIAO Zhuang;LI Hong(Forestry and Grassland Workstation of Qiqihar,Qiqihar 161000,Heilongjiang China)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔市林业和草原工作站,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161000

出　　处：《饲料博览》2023年第6期1-6,11,共7页Feed Review

基　　金：齐齐哈尔市科技计划创新激励项目(CNYGG-2022054)。

摘　　要：野大麦(Hordeum brevisubulatum)是优良的耐盐碱牧草。合理的栽培技术可有效提高干草产量、种子产量和营养品质,试验旨在研究不同播种量和播种行距组合对野大麦生产性能的影响。试验设置播种量22.5、45.0 kg·hm^(-2)和67.5 kg·hm^(-2)3个水平,播种行距10、25 cm和40 cm 3个水平,共9种组合。结果表明:播种量、播种行距对野大麦的干草产量、种子产量和营养品质均有极显著影响(P<0.01),且存在交互作用(P<0.01)。随播种量的增加,种子产量逐渐增大,随行距的增加,种子产量先增加后减少,增大播种量适中的行距,有利于种子生产。随着播种量的增加、行距的减小,干草产量增大,中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维增大,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷含量减少,大播种量、窄行距可提高干草产量但会降低牧草品质。播种量67.5 kg·hm^(-2),播种行距25 cm,种子产量最高为35.88 kg·hm^(-2),适宜作为种子生产的种植组合。播种量67.5 kg·hm^(-2),播种行距10 cm,野大麦干草产量最高为10.16 t·hm^(-2),但营养品质较差,经对干草产量和营养品质进行灰色关联度综合分析,播种量45 kg·hm^(-2)、播种行距40 cm组合最佳,适宜作为牧草生产的种植组合。Wild barley(Hordeum brevisubulatum)is an excellent salt-tolerant forage grass,and reasonable cultivation techniques can effectively improve hay yield,seed yield and nutritional quality.This experiment studied the effects of different sowing rates and row spacing combinations on the productivity of wild barley.The experiment included three sowing rates:22.5,45.0 kg·hm^(-2)and 67.5 kg·hm^(-2),and three levels of row spacing levels:10,25 cm and 40 cm,resulting in a total of nine combinations.The results showed that sowing rate and row spacing significantly affected the hay yield,seed yield,and nutritional quality of wild barley(P<0.01),with an observed interaction effect(P<0.01).As the sowing rate increased,seed yield gradually increased.With increasing row spacing,seed yield initially rose and then declined.As the increasing of sowing,appropriate row spacing was beneficial for seed production.With the increase of the sowing rate and the decrease of row spacing,hay yield gradually increased,and neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber increased.Conversely,the contents of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,calcium and phosphorus gradual declined.Large sowing amount and narrower row spacing could increase hay yield,but decreased forage quality.The combination of a sowing rate of 67.5 kg·hm^(-2)and a row spacing of 25 cm resulted in the highest seed yield at 35.88 kg·hm^(-2),which was the suitable planting combinations for seed production.The combination of a sowing rate of 67.5 kg·hm^(-2)and a row spacing of 10 cm resulted in the highest hay yield at 10.16 t·hm^(-2),but the nutritional quality was poor.According to the grey correlation analysis,the combination of a sowing rate of 45.0 kg·hm^(-2)and a row spacing of 40 cm resulted in the optimal grass hay yield and quality,suitable planting combinations for forage production.

关 键 词：野大麦 播种量 行距 灰色关联度 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]