油田聚合物解堵生物酶制剂的研究进展  

Oilfield polymer⁃unblocking enzymes:state of the art and perspectives

作　　者：曹功泽 冯云 林军章 陈子慧 丁明山 江怡然 汪卫东 CAO Gongze;FENG Yun;LIN Junzhang;CHEN Zihui;DING Mingshan;JIANG Yiran;WANG Weidong(Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering and Technology,Shengli Oil Field,Sinopec,Dongying 257000,China;Key Laboratory of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery,Sinopec,Dongying 257000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工集团有限公司胜利油田分公司石油工程技术研究院,山东东营257000 [2]中国石油化工集团有限公司微生物采油重点实验室,山东东营257000

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第2期131-140,共10页Journal of Nanjing Tech University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2105200)。

摘　　要：聚合物广泛应用于油气开采过程,如瓜尔胶及其衍生物、聚丙烯酰胺和纤维素基聚合物等都可应用于压裂过程,但是在压裂作业后聚合物会在储层断裂面堆积形成滤饼,导致储层堵塞,影响油气开采。通常使用酸和化学氧化剂作为“破胶剂”来降解聚合物滤饼,但化学破胶剂可能导致基础设施被腐蚀及储层伤害。基于此,利用生物酶作为破胶剂来降解聚合物则更加环保,也更有吸引力。当前,针对瓜尔胶的酶破胶剂已在油田中得到应用,针对其他聚合物的酶破胶剂仍处于研究开发阶段。因此,本文综述了瓜尔胶、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和黄原胶等聚合物的生物降解机制和降解酶的研究现状,讨论了生物酶破胶剂在实验室开发和油田应用中面临的挑战。Polymers play a vital role in the oil and gas industry,particularly in hydraulic fracturing processes.Guar gum and its derivatives,polyacrylamide,and cellulose-based polymers are commonly utilized in these operations.However,the accumulation of polymers at fracture faces and the formation of filter cakes after fracturing can lead to reservoir blockages and hinder oil and gas production.Although acids and chemical oxidizers are typically employed as“gel breakers”to degrade polymer filter cakes,their use can result in infrastructure corrosion and formation damage.In contrast,the use of polymer-degrading enzymes as gel breakers offers a more environmentally friendly and appealing alternative.Currently,enzyme breakers for guar gum have been successfully applied in oilfield operations.However,further research and development are required to develop enzyme breakers that effectively target other polymers used in hydraulic fracturing.This article provides a comprehensive review of the biodegradation mechanisms and degradation enzymes associated with guar gum,polyacrylamide(PAM),and carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)polymers.Additionally,it discusses the advantages and challenges associated with the development and application of enzyme breakers in this context.

关 键 词：聚合物 生物降解 聚丙烯酰胺 瓜尔胶 羧甲基纤维素 水基压裂液 酶破胶剂 

分 类 号：TE38[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]