民粹主义视角下美国陪审制兴衰的逻辑解析  

A Logical Analysis of the Rise and Fall of the American Jury System from the Perspective of Populism

作　　者：袁明旭[1] 袁爱华 Yuan Mingxu;Yuan Aihua(School of Government,Yunnan University,Kunming 650550,Yunnan,China;School of Law and Public Administration,Qujing Normal University,Qujing 650011,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学政府管理学院,云南昆明650550 [2]曲靖师范学院法律与公共管理学院,云南曲靖650011

出　　处：《学术探索》2024年第3期116-125,共10页Academic Exploration

摘　　要：对民粹主义和美国陪审制的研究连篇累牍,却鲜有关注二者的逻辑联系——美国精英政治中的民粹主义血统赋予陪审制民粹主义性质。遵循民粹主义发挥影响力的逻辑,可勾勒出陪审制政治和司法价值由盛而衰的逻辑:在美国政治民主化进程中,陪审制被精英利用,发挥了破旧立新以保障自由、包容性促、进民主等价值,实现了政治价值;随着美国精英政治日渐边缘化民主,陪审制因民主性和反精英性受到精英压制,其民主制衡能力被认为和法治相悖而受到侵蚀,政治价值减弱。同时,陪审制的道德同质性、推崇陪审团集体的常识和判断能为旧式审判提供合法性支持,实现了其司法价值;但民粹主义的陪审裁决具有不稳定、反智倾向、种族歧视性及低效性等,和现代司法追求的理性、公正和效率价值相悖,司法价值减弱。民粹主义的视角可以统合美国陪审制兴衰的政治原因和法律原因,也可为其他国家陪审制的移植和改革提供解释思路。There have been numerous studies on populism and the American jury system,but few studies have focused on the logical connection between them-that the populist lineage of American meritocracy grants the jury system populist nature.Following the logic of the influence populism exerts,we can outline the logic of the rise and fall of the political and judicial value of the jury system.In the process of American political democratization,the jury system was utilized by the elites to break the old hegemony to guarantee freedom,promote democracy,thus the political value of the jury was realized.As American meritocracy increasingly marginalizes democracy,the jury system is suppressed by elites due to its democratic and anti-elite nature,and its function of democratic checks and balances is considered to be contrary to the rule of law and thus suppressed,so its political value was eroded.At the same time,as a judicial system,the moral homogeneity of the jury system and the respect for the common sense of the jurors can provide legitimacy for the old-fashioned trial.However,the unstable,anti-intellectual,racially discriminatory and inefficient jury verdict is contrary to the rational,fair and efficient values pursued by modern justice,thus its judicial value is weakened.The populism perspective can integrate the political and legal reasons for interpreting the rise and fall of the American jury system,and can also provide explanations for the transplantation and reform of the jury system in other countries.

关 键 词：美国陪审制 民粹主义 民主政治 司法价值 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学]