10 kW低浓铀月表反应堆电源系统概念设计与分析  

Conceptual design of power system of 10 kWlow enriched uranium lunar surface reactor

作　　者：高兴 姜硕 关则钏 赵泽龙 胡古[1] GAO Xing;JIANG Shuo;GUAN Zechuan;ZHAO Zelong;HU Gu(Department of Nuclear Engineering Design,China Institute of Atomic Energy,Beijing 102413,China)

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院核工程设计研究所,北京102413

出　　处：《电源技术》2024年第3期527-535,共9页Chinese Journal of Power Sources

摘　　要：针对未来月球科研站所面临的能源需求问题,提出一种采用低浓化U-Mo合金燃料和热管冷却的月球表面反应堆电源系统的新型概念设计。低浓化U-Mo合金燃料技术成熟,在RERTR项目中被作为主要燃料而得到广泛使用。采用低浓化U-Mo合金燃料,能够有效降低核扩散的风险和简化相关部门的监管流程。反应堆的额定热功率为180 kW,输出电功率≥10 kW,设计寿命为10年。反应堆为Na热管冷却的快中子反应堆,采用控制鼓对堆芯反应性进行控制,堆芯热量通过Na热管传递到半Heusler型温差发电模块,废热由Hg热管辐射器翅片辐射到太空。基于蒙特卡洛程序RMC和CFD软件对反应堆堆芯物理及热工进行了初步计算和分析,针对温差发电器件的热电转换性能进行了优化设计,对热管失效等假想事故进行了分析评价。结果表明,该反应堆设计能够满足中子物理设计和临界安全的要求,在稳态工况下温差发电器件的热电转换效率能够达到7.60%,系统能够有效输出≥10 kW电功率,热管级联失效时能够满足热工安全要求。In order to meet the energy demand of the future lunar scientific research station,a new conceptual design of the lunar surface reactor power system using uranium-molybdenum alloy fuel and heat pipe cooling was proposed.Low-enriched uranium-molybdenum alloy fuel was a mature and reliable low-enriched uranium fuel that was widely used as a primary fuel in the reduced enrichment for research and test reactors(RERTR)program.The use of low-enriched uranium-molybdenum alloy fuel could effectively reduce the risk of nuclear proliferation and the supervision of relevant departments.The reactor had a thermal power of 180 kW,an electrical power of≥10 kW,and a design life of 10 years.The reactor was a fast neutron reactor cooled by Na heat pipes,which used a control drum to control the core reactivity,the core heat was transferred to half-Heusler thermoelectric generator(TEG)through the Na heat pipe,and the waste heat was radiated into space by the Hg heat pipe emitter fin.Based on the Monte Carlo program RMC and CFD software,the reactor core physics and thermal results were preliminarily calculated and analyzed,the thermoelectric conversion performance of thermoelectric generator(TEG)was optimized,and hypothetical accidents such as heat pipe failure were analyzed and evaluated.The results show that the reactor design can meet the requirements of neutron physical design and critical safety,the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric generator(TEG)can reach 7.60%under steady-state working conditions,the system can effectively output≥10 kW electrical power,and the thermal safety requirements can be met when the heat pipe cascade fails.

关 键 词：月表反应堆电源系统 热管反应堆 中子物理特性 温差发电器结构设计 热管失效事故 

分 类 号：TM913[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]