玉米中藤仓镰刀菌复合群的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究  

Isolation, Identification and Biological Characteristics of Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex in Maize

作　　者：董霆 乔守宁 马桂珍 DONG Ting;QIAO Shouning;MA Guizhen(School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222005,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏海洋大学环境与化学工程学院,江苏连云港222005

出　　处：《江苏海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期24-31,共8页Journal of Jiangsu Ocean University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1400100)。

摘　　要：为明确我国玉米穗腐病病原的组成特征,2019—2021年连续在我国玉米主产区采集穗腐病样品,采用常规组织分离培养法进行病原菌的分离,基于形态学和分子生物学对筛得的菌株进行鉴定,并进行生物学特性分析。共获得属于6个种的618株藤仓镰刀菌复合群(Fusarium fujikuroi species complex, FFSC)菌株,其中F.verticillioides为优势种,分离频率为85.11%;其余5个种分离频率较低,分别为F.fujikuroi(2.27%),F.proliferatum(10.03%),F.andiyazi(0.65%),F.temperatum(1.29%)及F.subglutinans(0.65%)。生物学性质分析表明,F.verticillioides的菌丝生长速率最快,无性生殖能力最强;供试的58个菌株在离体条件下都能够合成镰刀菌酸(fusaric acid, FA),F.andiyazi合成FA含量最高;F.fujikuroi,F.proliferatum和F.verticillioides离体培养时能够合成高浓度的B类伏马毒素(fumonisin, FB);不同种间比卡菌素(bikaverin, BIK)的含量没有显著性差异(P>0.05);F.fujikuroi,F.proliferatum和F.temperatum主要产生白僵菌素(beauverin, BEA);F.andiyazi和F.fujikuroi合成MON的能力显著高于F.subglutinans和F.proliferatum(P<0.05)。玉米穗的侵染表明F.subglutinans的致病力显著高于其他种(P<0.05)。结果明确了我国玉米穗腐病的主要病原菌类型及其代表菌株的致病力及产毒能力。In order to clarify the composition characteristics of the pathogen of maize ear rot in China,the samples of maize ear rot were collected continuously in the main maize producing areas of China from 2019 to 2021,and the pathogen was isolated by conventional tissue isolation and culture method.The screened strains were identified based on morphology and molecular biology,and their biological characteristics were analyzed.A total of 618 strains of Fusarium fujikuroi species complex(FFSC)belonging to 6 species were obtained,of which F.verticillioides was the dominant species.The separation frequency was 85.11%.The separation frequencies of the other five species were F.fujikuroi 2.27%,F.proliferatum 10.03%,F.andiyazi 0.65%,F.temperatum 1.29%,F.subglutinans 0.65%.Biological characterization showed that F.verticillioides had the fastest mycelial growth rate and the strongest asexual reproduction ability.The 58 strains could synthesize fusaric acid(FA)in vitro,and the content of FA in F.andiyazi was the highest.F.fujikuroi,F.proliferatum and F.verticillioides can synthesize high concentrations of fumonisin B(FB)in vitro culture;There was no significant difference in the content of bikaverin(BIK)among different species(P>0.05).F.fujikuroi,F.proliferatum and F.temperatum mainly produced beauverin(BEA);The ability of F.andiyazi and F.fujikuroi to synthesize MON was significantly higher than that of F.subglutinans and F.proliferatum(P<0.05).The infection of maize ears showed that the pathogenicity of F.subglutinans was significantly higher than that of other species(P<0.05).This study clarified the main pathogen types of maize ear rot in China and the pathogenicity and toxin-producing ability of its representative strains.

关 键 词：玉米穗腐病 藤仓镰刀菌复合群 分离鉴定 生物学特性 

分 类 号：Q93-3[生物学—微生物学]