沸石包膜尿素肥料养分释放特征及其对大豆生物效应的影响  

Nutrient Release Characteristics of Zeolite Coated Urea Fertilizer and Effect on Soybean

作　　者：王伟 胡钰 孙志玲 蔡姗姗 魏丹 孙磊 王爽 刘建生 WANG Wei;HU Yu;SUN Zhiling;CAI Shanshan;WEI Dan;SUN Lei;WANG Shuang;LIU Jiansheng(Heilongjiang Black Soil Protection and Utilization Research Institute,Harbin 150086,China;Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Heilongjiang Guohong Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Co.,Ltd,Harbin 150000,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100081 [3]黑龙江省国宏节能环保有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150000

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2024年第4期18-24,共7页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1500903-03);国家大豆产业技术体系;黑龙江省“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目(2021ZXJ03B05)。

摘　　要：为研究沸石包膜尿素肥料的缓释机理,提高氮肥利用率,以普通尿素为肥芯,沸石矿物为包膜材料,聚羧甲基纤维素钠为粘结剂,配制出两种沸石包膜尿素肥料,采用室内与田间试验相结合,设置4个土壤肥料养分处理,室内通过淋溶试验研究肥料的缓释性能;田间试验研究沸石包膜尿素施入土壤后,对大豆生物效应和农学效率的影响。结果表明,在土壤中施用10%沸石包膜尿素,总氮、硝态氮和铵态氮淋溶浓度积累量较普通尿素分别减少10.52%、1.64%和46.22%;在土壤中施用20%沸石包膜尿素肥料,总氮、铵态氮和硝态氮浓度积累量较普通尿素分别减少19.83%、18.97%和23.22%。施用沸石包膜尿素能够促进大豆生长,其中施用20%沸石包膜尿素,在减少氮肥20%的情况下,大豆产量和农学效率较优化施肥处理显著提高,说明(施用)利用沸石进行包膜,会减少尿素氮淋溶,延长尿素肥效。In order to study the slow-release mechanism of zeolite coated urea fertilizer and improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency,ordinary urea was used as the fertilizer core,zeolite minerals as the coating material,and polycarboxylic methyl cellulose sodium as the binder,and two types of zeolite coated urea fertilizers were prepared.Indoor and field experiments were combined to set up four soil fertilizer nutrient treatments,and the slow-release performance of the fertilizer was studied through leaching experiments;Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of zeolite coated urea applied to soil on the biological and agronomic efficiency of soybeans.The results showed that the application of 10%zeolite coated urea reduced the accumulation of total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and ammonium nitrogen leaching concentrations in soil by 10.52%,1.64%,and 46.22%,respectively.The application of 20%zeolite coated urea fertilizer reduced the accumulation of total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,and nitrate nitrogen leaching concentrations in the soil by 19.83%,18.97%,and 23.22%,respectively.The application of zeolite coated urea promoted soybean growth.Among them,the application of 20%zeolite coated urea significantly improves soybean yield and agronomic efficiency while reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 20%.(Application)Using zeolite coated urea reduces urea nitrogen leaching and prolongs urea fertilizer efficiency.

关 键 词：沸石 尿素 大豆 农学效率 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S14