经典名方中卷柏的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Selaginellae Herba in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：陆一南 孟静 陈阳阳 詹志来 杨成梓[1] LU Yinan;MENG Jing;CHEN Yangyang;ZHAN Zhilai;YANG Chengzi(School of Pharmacy,Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Fuzhou 350122,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]福建中医药大学药学院,福州350122 [2]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2024年第7期31-39,共9页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)。

摘　　要：通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书并结合近现代研究资料,笔者对卷柏药材的名称、基原、产地、传统品质评价、采收加工、炮制等方面进行了系统的本草考证,以期为相关经典名方的开发与利用提供参考依据。经考证可知,历代本草均以“卷柏”为其正名,尚有豹足、求股、交时、九死还魂草等别名;历代本草古籍中所载卷柏基原为今卷柏科植物卷柏Selaginella tamariscina;自民国起,垫状卷柏S.pulvinata逐渐作为卷柏药材的另一基原开始使用;古代著录的产地主要为山东、河北、河南、陕西、江苏及四川等地,现今卷柏全国各地均产;垫状卷柏主产于广西、福建、四川、贵州、云南、河北等地;近代以来总结其品质以色绿,完整不碎者为佳;古代记载卷柏药材的采收时间一般为阴历4—7月,清代起扩大到全年均可采收,采收后除去泥沙,剪去须根阴干或晒干;历代炮制方式以制炭、炒焦为主,部分古籍尚载有盐水煮的炮制方法,现已少用。基于考证结果,建议将卷柏S.tamariscina作为卷柏药材基原;因杂质较多,加工时应充分净制,以保证药材清洁;炮制方法可根据处方要求,未注明炮制要求的可选用生品,作止血药使用时建议选择制炭品。By consulting the ancient Chinese herbal books,medical books and formularies of the past dynasties,and combining with modern research data,this paper makes a systematic textual research on the name,origin,place of origin,traditional quality evaluation,harvesting and processing of Selaginellae Herba,so as to provide a basis for the development and utilization of the relevant famous classical formulas.According to the textual research,Juanbai is the correct name of the herbal medicine in all dynasties,and there are also aliases such as Baozu,Qiugu,Jiaoshi and Jiusi Huanhuncao.The origin of Selaginellae Herba in the ancient herbal books was Selaginella tamariscina in all dynasties.Since the Republic of China,S.pulvinata has been gradually used as another origin of Selaginellae Herba.In ancient times,the producing area of S.tamariscina was mainly in Shandong,Hebei,Henan,Shaanxi,Jiangsu and Sichuan,etc.Nowadays,it is produced all over the country.S.pulvinata is mainly produced in Guangxi,Fujian,Sichuan,Guizhou,Yunnan,Hebei and so on.Since the recent times,it is concluded that the quality of the green color,complete and unbroken is good.Before the Qing dynasty,it was recorded that the harvesting time of Selaginellae Herba was generally from April to July,and it was expanded to all year round since the Qing dynasty.After harvesting,remove the sediment(sand and mud),cut off the fibrous roots and dry in the shade or in the sun.The processing methods in all dynasties were mainly carbonizing by stir-frying and stir-bake to brown,and some ancient books contained the processing method of brine boiling,which was rarely used in modern times.Based on the results,it is recommended that S.tamariscina should be used as the base material of Selaginellae Herba.Because of more impurities,it should be fully purified to ensure the cleanliness of the herb,and the processing method can be based on the prescription requirements,if the processing requirements are not specified,the raw products can be used,charcoal products is recommended fo

关 键 词：卷柏 垫状卷柏 本草考证 学名沿革 品质评价 产地变迁 炮制方法 

分 类 号：R289[医药卫生—方剂学] R931[医药卫生—中药学] R28[医药卫生—中医学] G254[文化科学—图书馆学]