我国煤炭洗选50年发展历程  

A General review of the course of development of China′s coal preparation technologies over the past five decades

作　　者：陶能进 郑继洪[1] 李智阳 TAO Nengjin;ZHENG Jihong;LI Zhiyang(CCTEG beijing Huayu Engineering Co.Ltd.,Pingdingshan 467000,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工集团北京华宇工程有限公司,河南平顶山467000

出　　处：《选煤技术》2023年第6期40-47,共8页Coal Preparation Technology

摘　　要：煤炭在我国能源结构中将长期占据主导地位,煤炭洗选加工是煤炭清洁高效利用的源头和基础。文章回顾了我国煤炭洗选50年发展历程,对各时间段煤炭洗选技术、装备水平及选煤工艺特点进行了总结,重点阐述了跳汰选煤、重介选煤、浮选、干法选煤等主要选煤装备及工艺组合的演变。首先,介绍了选煤技术装备在不同时期的发展历程:跳汰选煤装备经历了从鲍姆跳汰机、自主研制筛下空气室跳汰机、动筛跳汰机、空气脉动式跳汰机及井下跳汰机等的不断发展,近十年来又通过PIV测速系统对跳汰机结构进行试验,向更加智能的方向发展;重介选煤装备主要有斜轮重介质分选机、立轮重介质分选机、浅槽重介分选机以及重介质旋流器,ϕ1.4m大型重介质旋流器的使用标志着我国重介质旋流器选煤的研究与应用已居世界前列;浮选装备从开始仿造国外的浮选设备开始,自主研发了机械搅拌式浮选机、喷射式浮选机、浮选柱一系列浮选设备,近年来又利用计算流体力学技术,通过数值模拟的方法研究浮选槽内流体运动状态;干法选煤装备从风力选矸设备的逐渐淘汰,到自主研发研制成功空气重介质流化床分选机、摩擦静电分选机,结合无风干式摇床和风选机的优点后设计改良出一种复合式干法分选机,近年来智能干选机由最初的块煤预先排矸逐步向块煤分选、井下排矸等方向转变。然后,介绍了选煤工艺在不同时期的发展历程:20世纪70年代之前,大部分选煤厂以跳汰、浓缩浮选联合工艺为主;70年代编制了年处理能力180万t的选煤厂通用设计,大多数选煤厂原煤采用混合跳汰、煤泥采用不经浓缩的直接浮选工艺,少数选煤厂采用重介工艺,1970年建成的田庄选煤厂是我国自行设计的第一座机械、电气设备全部为国产的全重介选煤厂;80年代选煤厂大量引进国外先进的技术�Coal will occupy a dominant position in the primary energy structure over a long period of time.Coal preparation constitutes the source and basis for clean and high-efficiency utilization coal.The paper looks back to the course of development of the coal preparation technologies over the past 50-odd years,and presents a summary of the coal cleaning technologies,technological level of process equipment and characteristics of coal cleaning processes in different periods of time,with the focus on the evolution of the equipment applied for ma-jor coal washing processes involving,for instance,heavy medium separator,jigging machine,flotation cell and dry separator,as well as the combined coal washing processes.What is introduced first is the course of develop-ment of process equipment in different time periods:the jigging machine has made continued development evolving from the Bam jig to the independently developed Batac jig,movable-bed jig,air pulsating jig and the jig for use underground;over the past ten years,the optimum jig structure has been defined through testing with PIV velocity measuring system,and the jig has become more intelligent;the use of the heavy medium separat-ors,such as the inclined lifting wheel and vertical lifting wheel versions,heavy medium vessel and heavy medi-um cyclone,especially the use of theϕ1.4 m large-sized H.M.cyclone,signified that the research work on and application of the H.M.cyclone for coal washing stood at the forefront worldwide;the development of flotation machine started from imitation of overseas equipment to manufacture of a series of independently developed versions such as the subaeration-type,jet-type cells and flotation column;in recent years,study has been made on motion pattern of fluid in the cell using computational hydrodynamic technology and numerical simulation method;as for the coal cleaning equipment,following the gradual phasing out of the pneumatic destoning equip-ment,the self-developed air-medium fluidized-bed separator,triboelectrical separator,and the

关 键 词：煤炭洗选 选煤方法 选煤装备 选煤工艺 特大型现代化选煤厂 装备国产化 选煤厂智能化 

分 类 号：TD94[矿业工程—选矿]