二级齿轮减速器高速级轴承动态特性分析  

Analysis on Dynamic Characteristics of High-Speed Stage Bearings for Two-Stage Gear Reducers

作　　者：周恒宇 崔权维[1] 周建星[1] ZHOU Hengyu;CUI Quanwei;ZHOU Jianxing(School of Mechanical Engineering,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830047,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学机械工程学院,乌鲁木齐830047

出　　处：《轴承》2024年第4期28-35,共8页Bearing

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划资助项目(2021B01003-1);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2021D01C050);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51665054)。

摘　　要：为探究减速器轴承在动载荷作用下的动态特性变化规律,以高速级轴承为研究对象,采用广义有限元法建立了计入轴柔性、齿轮与轴承时变刚度的二级齿轮传动系统动力学模型,求解并获得轴承动载荷。基于显示动力学法建立了轴承有限元模型,计算在动载荷作用下轴承外圈的应变时域历程,并通过试验验证仿真结果的正确性。最后分析了轴承在动载荷和恒定载荷下接触特性以及打滑特性的变化规律,结果表明:在动载荷作用下,动应力波动幅值增加且内圈运动轨迹呈不稳定态势;外圈动态接触力呈余弦分布形式且波动周期与动载荷保持一致;保持架和滚子的打滑率增加,滚子运动轨迹椭圆率减小且出现“滞后承载,提前退出”的承载形式。In order to explore the change rules of dynamic characteristics of reducer bearings under dynamic load,taking high-speed stage bearings as research objects,a dynamic model of transmission system for two-stage gears considering flexibility of shaft and time-varying stiffness of the gears and the bearings is established by using generalized finite element method,and the dynamic load of the bearings is obtained.The finite element model of the bearings is established based on explicit dynamics method,and the time-domain history of bearing outer ring strain under dynamic load is calculated,and the correctness of simulation results is verified by experiments.Finally,the change rules of contact characteristics and slip characteristics of the bearings under dynamic load and constant load are analyzed.The results show that:the fluctuation amplitude of dynamic stress increases and the trajectory of inner rings is unstable under dynamic load;the dynamic contact force of outer rings exhibits a cosine distribution and its fluctuation period is consistent with that of dynamic load;the slip rates of cages and rollers increase,the ellipticity of roller trajectory decreases,and the load form of"lagging load,early exit"appears.

关 键 词：滚动轴承 圆柱滚子轴承 二级减速器 动载荷 恒定载荷 接触特性 打滑特性 

分 类 号：TH133.332[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] O313.3[理学—一般力学与力学基础]