中国农村基层协商民主制度变迁研究——基于理性选择制度主义视角  

On the Institutional Change of the Consultative Democracy in Rural China:Based on the Perspective of Rational Choice Institutionalism

作　　者：王永香 李忠鹏 WANG Yongxiang;LI Zhongpeng(School of Marxism,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学马克思主义学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《求实》2024年第2期18-31,M0003,共15页Truth Seeking

基　　金：陕西省社会科学基金专项项目“新时代数字赋能政治协商高质量发展研究”(2023ZX09),负责人:王永香。

摘　　要：农村基层协商民主制度建设是凸显全过程人民民主在广大农村地区治理优势的必然要求,它既是乡村治理的重要内容,也是实现治理有效的关键路径。以理性选择制度主义为视角对农村基层协商民主制度进行研究,根据理性选择制度主义的3种典型制度模式,对农村协商民主制度的子集进行类型划分,突出不同制度集合具有的作为集体决策规则、嵌入委托代理结构的功能性特征,基层试点与顶层设计相结合的总体性特征及强调配套制度辅助、注重程序机制设计的现时性特征,从而弥补当前农村协商民主制度类型学研究的不足。在农村协商民主制度演变过程中,环境设定、利益驱动、主体推动、绩效评价形成了其结构性逻辑,而供需匹配下的制度创新、绩效驱动下的制度扩散、偏好稳定下的制度设计构成了农村协商民主制度变迁的主要内容。在“制度—行为”分析视角下,农村基层协商民主制度的变迁过程是由诸多制度创新点连接起来的,过程中伴随着制度的模仿与扩散,变迁所带来的结果则是全面的顶层制度安排。The construction of consultative democracy system at the rural community level is an inevitable requirement to highlight the strengths of the whole-process people's democracy in rural governance,which is both an important content of rural governance and a key path to effective governance.This paper studies the rural consultative democracy system from the perspective of rational choice institutionalism,and classifies the subsets of rural consultative system according to the three typical institutional models of rational choice institutionalism,highlighting the functional characteristics of different systems as collective decision-making rules and embedded principal-agent structure,the overarching characteristics of combining community-level pilots with top-level design,and the present characteristics of emphasizing supporting systems and procedural mechanism design,thus making up for the lack of the current typological study of rural consultative democracy.In the evolution process of rural consultative democracy system,its structural logic is formed by environment setting,interest driving,main body driving and performance evaluation,while the system innovation based on the matching of supply and demand,the system diffusion based on the performance driving and the system design based on the stabilizing of preference constitute the main content of the rural consultative system change.Under the perspective of"system-behavior"analysis,the change process in the rural consultative democracy system is connected by a number of institutional innovations,accompanied by institutional imitation and diffusion,and the change results in a comprehensive top-level institutional arrangement.

关 键 词：乡村治理 农村协商民主制度 理性选择制度主义 制度变迁 变迁逻辑 动力机制 

分 类 号：D638[政治法律—政治学] D621[政治法律—中外政治制度]