深圳市某街道25家电镀企业职业危害调查与风险评估  

Occupational hazard investigation and risk assessment of 25 electroplating enterprises in a district of Shenzhen

作　　者：钟小欢 田东超 管有志 ZHONG Xiao-huan;TIAN Dong-chao;GUAN You-zhi(Insititute of Occupational Risk Assessment,Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518020,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市职业病防治院职业危害评价所,广东深圳518020

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2024年第1期5-7,11,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

摘　　要：目的 开展深圳市某街道25家电镀企业职业危害调查与风险评估工作,掌握该街道电镀企业职业危害现状,为减少职业病危害事件的发生提供指导性建议。方法 采用GBZ/T 298-2017《工作场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估技术导则》的综合指数评估法,于2021年8-11月对深圳市某街道25家电镀企业开展职业危害调查与风险评估工作。结果 本次评估的25家电镀企业,5家企业平均风险等级为3(中等风险),20家企业平均风险等级为4(高风险)。按照岗位统计分析,电镀、酸洗、除油岗位为重点岗位;按照危害因素分析,硫酸、盐酸、镍及其化合物、氢氧化钠使用率最高;按照风险等级分析,高风险点和极高风险点占比超过70%;按照职业病危害因素平均风险等级分析,氰化氢、三氯乙烯平均风险等级超过4。结论 电镀行业存在的职业病危害因素复杂,为化学中毒、职业性化学性皮肤灼伤等职业病高发行业,职业病防控措施方面存在很多问题,行业整体危害严重。Objective To investigate and assess the occupational hazards in 25 electroplating enterprises in a street of Shenzhen,the study was designed to grasp the current situation of occupational hazards in electroplating enterprises in the street,and provided some guidance suggestions to reduce the occurrence of occupational disease inductive events.Methods The comprehensive index assessment method of the technical guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of chemi-cal hazardous factors in the workplace(GBZ/T 298—2017)was adopted to carry out occupational hazard investigation and risk assessment for 25 electroplating enterprises in a street of Shenzhen.Results The average risk level of the 25 elec-troplating enterprises in this assessment was 3(medium risk)for 5 enterprises and 4(high risk)for 20 enterprises.Ac-cording to post statistics and analysis,electroplating,pickling and degreasing posts were key posts;According to the statis-tical analysis of hazard factors,sulfuric acid,hydrochloric acid,nickel and its compounds and sodium hydroxide had the highest utilization rate;According to the statistical analysis of risk level,the proportion of high-risk points and extremely high-risk points was more than 70%;According to the statistical analysis of the average risk level of occupational hazard factors,the average risk level of hydrogen cyanide and trichloroethylene exceeded 4.Conclusion The factors of occupation-al disease hazards in the electroplating industry are complex,including chemical poisoning,occupational chemical skin burns and other industries with high incidence of occupational diseases.There are many problems in occupational disease prevention and control measures,and the overall harm of the industry is serious.

关 键 词：电镀 职业危害 风险评估 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]