有机肥和套种对干热区火龙果土壤微生物特性和产量、品质的影响  

Effects of organic fertilizer and intercropping on soil microbial characteristics and yield and quality of red pitaya in dry-hot region

作　　者：李义林 李坤 李建查 潘志贤[1,2] 史亮涛 刘小刚[3] 方海东 岳学文[1,2] LI Yilin;LI Kun;LI Jiancha;PAN Zhixian;SHI Liangtao;LIU Xi-aogang;FANG Haidong;YUE Xuewen(Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Sciences,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuanmou 651300,Yunnan,China;Dry-hot Valley Botanic Garden,Yuanmou 651300,Yunnan,China;Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kun-ming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,云南元谋651300 [2]元谋干热河谷植物园,云南元谋651300 [3]昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第3期656-664,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所人才培养项目(2022RQS002);云南省重点研发计划项目(2019BC001);金沙江流域重点地区自然资源综合调查(ZD20220128)资助。

摘　　要：为探明施用有机肥和套种对红心火龙果(Hylocereus costaricensis)种植的优势机理,以干热区红心火龙果园为研究对象,探索有机肥施用量(F0:0 t·hm^(-2)和F20:20 t·hm^(-2))和套种方式(MP:单种火龙果,IP:火龙果套种花生(Arachis hypogaea)和IS:火龙果套种大豆(Glycine max))对土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量、酶活性以及红心火龙果产量、品质的影响,并分析产量、品质与土壤微生物特性之间的关系。结果表明:与F0处理相比,F20处理显著增加土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量和微生物生物量碳、氮、磷,增加土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性,提高红心火龙果产量和品质。在F0和F20条件下,相比于MP处理,IP和IS处理明显增加土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量氮以及蔗糖酶和脲酶活性;而IP和IS处理仅在F20条件下显著提高土壤微生物生物量碳、磷和酸性磷酸酶活性。套种能显著提高红心火龙果的产量,在F0条件下IP和IS处理分别比MP处理增加产量48.48%和42.20%,在F20条件下分别增加25.37%和29.82%。IP和IS处理在F0条件下显著增加可溶性糖和维生素C含量,在F20条件下显著提高维生素C、可溶性固形物和蛋白质含量。相关分析表明,除可溶性糖含量与土壤过氧化氢酶活性的相关性不显著外,产量、品质与土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量和酶活性呈显著正相关。因此,施用有机肥和套种花生或大豆可增强干热区红心火龙果土壤微生物活性,进而提高产量和改善果实品质。The objective of this study was to investigate the advantages of applying organic fertilizer and intercropping on the planting of red pitaya(Hylocereus costaricensis cv.‘Tainong No.2’).A field experiment was carried out to examine the effects of organic fertilizer application rate(F0:0 t·hm^(-2) and F20:20 t·hm^(-2))and intercropping method[MP:monoculture pitaya,IP:pitaya intercropping peanut(Arachis hypogaea)and IS:pitaya intercropping soybean(Glycine max)]on soil microbial abundance,soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity,as well as the yield and quality in red pitaya orchard in a dryhot region.The relationship between the yield and quality of red pitaya and soil microbial characteristics were also analyzed.The results showed that compared with F0 treatment,F20 treatment significantly increased the abundance of soil bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes and microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus,enhanced the activities of soil invertase,urease,acid phosphatase and catalase,and improved the yield and quality of red pitaya.Compared with MP treatment,IP and IS treatment significantly increased soil microbial abundance,microbial biomass nitrogen and the activities of invertase and urease under F0 and F20 conditions;while IP and IS treatments significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon,phosphorus and acid phosphatase activity only under F20 condition.Intercropping significantly increased the fruit yield of red pitaya.IP and IS treatment increased yield by 48.48%and 42.20%under F0 condition,and increased by 25.37%and 29.82%under F20 condition,respectively,when compared with MP treatment.IP and IS treatments significantly increased soluble sugar and vitamin C content with F0 conditions,but significantly increased vitamin C,soluble solids and protein content with F20 conditions.Yield and quality of red pitaya were significantly positively correlated with soil microbial abundance,soil microbial biomass,and soil enzyme activity.The correlation between soluble sugar content and soil catalase activ

关 键 词：红心火龙果 套种 有机肥 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 产量 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]