节水减氮和品种管理对双季稻CH_(4)的减排效果  

Effects of water-saving irrigation,reduced nitrogen application and different cultivars on CH_(4) emissions in a double rice cropping system

作　　者：宋春燕 李玉娥[1] 万运帆[1] 秦晓波[1] 张欣禹 朱波[3] 胡严炎 王斌[1] SONG Chunyan;LI Yu’e;WAN Yunfan;QIN Xiaobo;ZHANG Xinyu;ZHU Bo;HU Yanyan;WANG Bin(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chi-nese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Sinochem Agriculture Holdings,Beijing 100031,China;College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434022,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业农村部农业环境重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中化现代农业有限公司,北京100031 [3]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434022

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第3期724-732,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0209200);国家自然科学基金项目(41905102);农业农村部农业清洁生产技术服务项目(13220124);世界资源研究所种植业减排路径研究赠款项目(G2585)资助。

摘　　要：秸秆还田、高效肥料、节水减氮是我国农业绿色发展主推技术,高产低排放品种是减少稻田CH_(4)排放重要方向。为明确秸秆还田下氮肥减量及节水灌溉集成技术对不同品种水稻田CH_(4)排放的影响,本研究以双季稻为对象,采用随机区组的裂区试验设计,设置施用尿素+间歇灌溉(U)、尿素减量20%+秸秆还田+间歇灌溉(US+S)、控释尿素减量20%+秸秆还田+间歇灌溉(CRUS+S)、尿素减量20%+秸秆还田+节水灌溉(US+S+SWD)共4个主区因素,常规稻和杂交稻作为2个副区因素,利用静态箱-气相色谱法监测双季稻生育期内CH_(4)排放规律及减排效果。结果表明,碳投入、氮投入、灌溉量和分蘖数是影响双季稻CH_(4)排放的主要因素。秸秆还田可补充氮肥20%减量的养分,并显著促进常规稻和杂交稻CH_(4)的排放,其中常规稻增排60.0%~107.8%,杂交稻增排99.8%~107.8%,这主要归结于秸秆还田带来大量碳源。秸秆还田搭配控释尿素并不能减少CH_(4)排放,较US+S增排1.8%~9.7%(除常规晚稻外)。节水灌溉能显著控制秸秆还田下CH_(4)排放的大量增长,相比US+S,US+S+SWD处理显著降低了CH_(4)排放15.9%~23.1%。各处理间产量无显著差异,表明秸秆还田下氮肥减量及节水灌溉可以达到稳产作用。杂交稻CH_(4)排放量及产量略高于常规稻,但不存在显著差异。总体而言,秸秆还田显著提高CH_(4)排放量,控释尿素和减量施氮无明显减排效果,节水灌溉能有效降低秸秆还田下单位产量的CH_(4)排放强度。未来随着稻田秸秆还田比例增加,优化水分管理以促进秸秆好氧分解将成为CH_(4)减排的关键。Straw return,highefficiency fertilizer,watersaving irrigation,and reducing nitrogen application are the main technologies for agricultural green development in China.Highyield but lowemission cultivar is an important direction for reducing CH_(4) emission in paddy fields.In this study,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of straw return combined with nitrogen reduction application and watersaving irrigation on CH_(4) emission of different doublecropping rice cultivars,using static chambergas chromatography.A splitplot experimental design was adopted,with four main plot factors:urea+intermittent irrigation(U),reduction of urea 20%+straw return+intermittent irrigation(US+S),reduction of controlled release urea 20%+straw return+intermittent irrigation(CRUS+S),reduction of urea 20%+straw return+watersaving irrigation(US+S+SWD),crossed with two subplot factors:conventional rice and hybrid rice.The results showed carbon input,nitrogen input,irrigation amount,and tillering number were main factors affecting CH_(4) emission of double cropping rice field.Nutrients from straw return could replenish 20%reduction of nitrogen fertilizer,and significantly promoted CH_(4) emission for both cultivars,among which the emissions of conventional rice increased by 60.0%-107.8%,and the emissions of hybrid rice increased by 99.8%-107.8%.This was mainly attributed to the large amount of organic carbon input by straw.Compared with US+S,straw return with controlledrelease urea increased CH_(4) emissions by 1.8%-9.7%,except for conventional late rice.Watersaving irrigation significantly reduced CH_(4) emissions by 15.9%-23.1%with straw return.There were no significant differences in yield among treatments,indicating that straw return combined with nitrogen fertilizer reduction and watersaving irrigation could achieve stable yield.CH_(4) emission and yield of hybrid rice were slightly higher than those of conventional rice,but without significant differences.In general,straw return significantly increased CH_(4) emiss

关 键 词：CH_(4) 秸秆还田 氮肥减量 控释尿素 节水灌溉 水稻 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]