功率电子器件中金属材料回收技术综述与展望  

Review and prospect of metal recycling technologies in power electronics

作　　者：刘爱炜 贾强[1] 王乙舒 胡广文[1] 籍晓亮 郝娟娟 吴玉锋[1] 郭福[1,2] LIU Aiwei;JIA Qiang;WANG Yishu;HU Guangwen;JI Xiaoiang;HAO Juanjuan;WU Yufeng;GUO Fu(Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;School of Mechanical Electrical Engineering,Beijing Information Science and Technology University,Beijing 100192,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学材料与制造学部,北京100124 [2]北京信息科技大学机电工程学院,北京100192

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2024年第2期503-528,共26页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC3902603);2021年度高端科技创新智库青年资助项目(2021ZZZLFZB1207145)。

摘　　要：在碳中和目标下,可再生能源发电、智能电网、新能源汽车等技术的推广极大地加快了高功率密度、高工作频率电子器件的应用,其中,新能源汽车逐渐进入退役高峰,将会使其下游零部件之一的功率电子器件迎来报废高峰。功率电子器件中的基板材料、金属化层以及连接材料中金属资源种类丰富,具有极高的回收利用价值。本文面向碳中和情景,聚焦典型功率电子器件功能、结构、组成特性,基于现有金属资源化技术进行详细讨论并展望,重点梳理了Si基芯片材料、贱金属(Cu、Ni、Sn等)和贵金属(Au、Ag等)的回收技术,总结了针对功率电子器件的整体回收流程,为未来功率电子器件大规模退役及金属回收提供技术部署。Under the goal of carbon neutrality,the promotion of renewable energy power generation,smart grid,new energy vehicles and other technologies has greatly accelerated the applications of high-power density and high-operating frequency electronic devices.Under this trend,the amounts of waste new energy vehicles as well as their power electronics will reach the peak in the near future.Substrate materials,metallization layers and connection materials in power electronics are rich in metal resources and have extremely high recycling value.This paper focuses on the function,structure and composition characteristics of typical power electronic devices under the carbon neutrality.Based on the existing metal recycling technology,the overall recycling process for power electronics were discussed and prospected,such as silicon-based chip materials,base metals(copper,nickel,tin,etc.)and rare and precious metals(gold,silver,etc.),and the overall recycling process for power electronic devices was summarized.The technology references for large-scale decommissioning of power electronics and metal recovery in the future were provided.

关 键 词：功率电子器件回收 资源利用 冶金过程 贵金属富集 有价金属分离 芯片材料回收 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]