中国一级保护野生兰科植物杂交育种进展  

Progress in Hybrid Breeding of Wild Orchids Listed in the National First-class Plant Protection Catalog

作　　者：黄小艳 夏池 黄玮婷 方中明 HUANG Xiaoyan;XIA Chi;HUANG Weiting;FANG Zhongming(College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025;College of Agricultural Sciences,Guizhou University/Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions,Guiyang 550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学农学院/贵州省粮油作物分子育种重点实验室/贵州省高等学校功能农业重点实验室,贵阳550025

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2024年第3期323-339,共17页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般014);贵州省粮油作物分子育种重点实验室项目(黔科合中引地[2023]008);贵州省高等学校功能农业重点实验室项目(黔教技[2023]007)。

摘　　要：中国一级保护野生兰科植物共33种,隶属于兜兰属、杓兰属、兰属、石斛属、蝴蝶兰属和虾脊兰属,具有重要的观赏和药用价值。本研究对这些种类的杂种登录情况、亲本选择、授粉及播种时期选择、属间杂交进展、杂交育种存在的问题等进行综述,并结合育种现状提出了未来育种方向。研究表明,以中国一级保护野生兰科植物为亲本已有3611个杂种在英国皇家园艺学会上登录,杂种数最多的前10名均为兜兰属植物,包括巨瓣兜兰、波瓣兜兰、白旗兜兰等,其次为美花兰,而红花兜兰、广东兜兰、紫斑兜兰和暖地杓兰未见杂种登录。绿叶兜兰、曲茎石斛、霍山石斛、文山红柱兰等为极具潜力的优秀种质资源,但以其为亲本的杂种较少。建议未来开展杂交育种工作时,应当充分利用上述野生种质资源、加强属间杂交,并利用分子标记辅助育种加速新品种培育,以提高野生兰科种质资源的利用水平。本研究可为中国一级保护野生兰科植物的杂交育种工作提供参考,为兰科植物种质资源创新和兰花产业持续发展提供支撑。There are 33 wild orchids listed in the national first-class plant protection catalog of China,belonging to several genera including Paphiopedilum Pfitzer,Cypripedium L.,Cymbidium Sw.,Dendrobium Sw.,Phalaenopsis Blume,and Calanthe R.Br..These species have important ornamental and medicinal value.The registration status of hybrids,their parents selection,pollination and sowing time selection,intergeneric hybridization progress and problems in hybrid breeding of these species have been reviewed.Based on the current breeding situation future breeding directions are proposed.To date,3611 hybrids with the national first-class wild orchids as parents have been registered in Royal Horticultural Society.The top ten species of hybrids are Paph.spp.,including Paph.bellatulum(Rcnb.F.)Stein.,Paph.insigne(Lindl.)Pfitz.and Paph.spicerianum(H.G.Reichenbach)Pfitzer.,followed by Cymb.Insigne Rolfe.However,no hybrid has been registered with Paph.erythroanthum Z.J.Liu,X.Y.Liao&S.R.Lan,Paph.guangdongense Z.J.Liu&L.J.Chen,Paph.notatisepalum Z.J.Liu,M.Wang&S.R.Lan,and Cypr.subtropicum S.C.Chen&K.Y.Lang as parents.There are few hybrids with Paph.hangianum Perner&O.Gruss,Dend.flexicaule Z.H.Tsi,Dend.huoshanense C.Z.Tang et S.J.Cheng,Cymb.wenshanense Y.S.Wu et F.Y.Liu as parents,although these species are all excellent with potential breeding value.To improve the utilization of wild orchid germplasm resources in future breeding,we propose to make full use of these wild germplasm resources in intergeneric hybridization,in combination with molecular marker assisted selection technology.This article can provide reference for the hybrid breeding of the national first-class wild orchids,and provide support for the innovation of orchid germplasm resources and the sustainable development of the orchid industry.

关 键 词：中国一级保护野生植物 兰科植物 兜兰 杂交育种 远缘杂交 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]