基于压电阻抗技术的门式起重机健康监测研究  

Research on Health Monitoring of Gantry Crane Based on Electro-Mechanical Impedance Technology

作　　者：李继承 戚政武 杨宁祥 Li Jicheng;Qi Zhengwu;Yang Ningxiang(Guangdong Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and Research Zhuhai Branch, Zhuhai 519002)

机构地区：[1]广东省特种设备检测研究院珠海检测院,珠海519002

出　　处：《中国特种设备安全》2024年第3期33-39,共7页China Special Equipment Safety

基　　金：珠海市社会发展领域科技计划项目“基于压电智能传感技术的老旧起重机分布式监测系统研制”(2320004000250)。

摘　　要：借助自行搭建的便携式电阻抗测试系统,对额定载重量41 t的龙门起重机进行加载过程监测。采用有限元分析的方法确定起重机加载时的应力分布云图,选择应力集中部位作为监测点。选择4个监测频段,在起重机加载前、加载中和加载后分别对压电传感器进行电阻抗信号测量。结果表明,随着测量频率的增大,压电传感器电阻抗幅值整体上呈现不断减小的趋势。高频段范围内电阻抗峰值和谷值数量更多,对于结构损伤监测的灵敏度更高。当被监测起重机金属结构无裂纹损伤时,整个加载周期内,电阻抗峰值和谷值对应频率不发生偏移。The loading process of a gantry crane with a rated lifting capacity of 41t is monitored,with the help of a portable electrical impedance testing system established in this study.The stress distribution cloud map of the crane during loading was determined by the finite element analysis method,and the stress concentration area was selected as the monitoring point.Four monitoring frequency bands were selected,and the electrical impedance signals of the piezoelectric sensors were measured before,during,and after loading of the crane.The results indicate that the overall impedance amplitude of the piezoelectric sensor shows a decreasing trend with the increasing of measurement frequency.In the high-frequency range,there are more peak and valley values of electrical impedance,which makes it more sensitive for structural damage monitoring.When there is no crack damage in the metal structure of the monitored crane,there is no deviation in the frequency corresponding to the peak and valley values of the electrical impedance during the entire loading cycle.

关 键 词：压电阻抗 门式起重机 裂纹监测 电阻抗谱 频率偏移 

分 类 号：X924.2[环境科学与工程—安全科学]