玉米收获机的控制系统优化设计  

Optimal Design of Control System of Corn Harvester

作　　者：吕英杰 Lv Yingjie(Qingdao Technical College,Qingdao 266555,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛职业技术学院,山东青岛266555

出　　处：《农机化研究》2024年第5期113-116,共4页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：山东省教育教学改革研究项目(20SJG120)。

摘　　要：针对4YZL-9型玉米收获机,设计了一款控制系统,并以PLC控制器为核心,分别设计了驱动行走子系统、割台液压子系统及脱粒清选液压子系统。主要的控制过程为:利用湿度传感器采集玉米籽粒含水量,利用压力传感器采集检测玉米喂入量,利用霍尔传感器检测收获机各种速度信息,利用位移传感器检测玉米的距离,并将这些数据发送给PLC控制器,经过计算,输出驱动命令,通过电磁换向阀和电磁比例阀调节控制收获机的割台高度、行走速度、脱粒滚动转速、风机转速及清选筛箱转速等,使得玉米收获机高效的完成行走、收割、脱粒、清选等一系列的收获作业。试验结果表明:加装了控制系统的4YZL-9型玉米收获机正确采摘率为96.7%,玉米粒损失率≤2.4%,籽粒破损率≤3.6%,收获机故障率≤5%,含杂率≤2.8%,能够准确高效地完成玉米的收获作业。This paper designs a control system for 4yzl-9 corn harvester.The system mainly takes PLC controller as the core,and designs the driving subsystem,header hydraulic subsystem and threshing and cleaning hydraulic subsystem respectively.The main control process is as follows:the moisture content of corn grain is collected by humidity sensor,the feeding amount of corn is collected and detected by pressure sensor,the temporal speed information of harvester is detected by hall sensor,the separation distance of corn grain is detected by displacement sensor,and these data are sent to PLC controller.After calculation,the driving command is output,the header height,walking speed,threshing rolling speed,fan speed and cleaning screen box speed of the harvester are adjusted and controlled through the electromagnetic directional valve and electromagnetic proportional valve,so that the corn harvester can efficiently complete a series of harvesting operations such as walking,harvesting,threshing and cleaning.The experimental results show that the correct picking rate of 4yzl-9 corn harvester equipped with the control system is 96.7%,the corn grain loss rate is≤2.4%,the grain damage rate is≤3.6%,the harvester failure rate is≤5%,and the impurity content rate is≤2.8%.

关 键 词：玉米收获机 总控制系统 驱动行走子系统 割台液压子系统 脱粒清选液压子系统 

分 类 号：S225.51[农业科学—农业机械化工程]