防风仿生挖掘铲的设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Saposhnikovia Divaricata Bionic Digging Shovel

作　　者：马伟男 宋强[1] 高喜银[1] 赵建国[1] 马春英[2] Ma Weinan;Song Qiang;Gao Xiyin;Zhao Jianguo;Ma Chunying(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学机电工程学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《农机化研究》2024年第7期64-72,共9页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(ZD2022134);中央财政公共卫生专项(Z135080000022)。

摘　　要：针对河北一年生栽种防风采收过程中挖掘装置挖掘阻力大、碎土能力差等问题,设计了一种防风仿生挖掘铲。结合仿生学原理,采用高精度三维扫描技术对鼹鼠前爪最长的第3趾进行仿生数据采集,运用Imageware逆向设计软件对第3趾点云数据进行处理,以获取轮廓曲线点云数据,并经MatLab软件进行数据拟合得到仿生铲结构曲线。根据根茎类中药材挖掘铲设计原则及栽种防风农艺要求,确定仿生铲关键性能参数,并建立三维模型。利用EDEM离散元仿真分析软件从减阻性能、碎土性能两方面对仿生铲和普通铲的挖掘性能进行对比分析,结果表明:同一仿真条件下,仿生铲减阻率为12.50%,碎土率提升2.92%。通过土槽试验验证仿生铲的挖掘性能及离散元仿真模型的准确性,结果表明:仿生铲减阻率为13.42%,实测值与仿真值相对误差为6.86%,仿生铲具有较好的减阻和碎土性能,所构建离散元仿真模型准确程度较高。In view of the problems of large digging resistance and poor soil crushing ability of the digging device in the harvesting process of annual planting saposhnikovia divaricata in Hebei,a saposhnikovia divaricata bionic digging shovel was designed.In this study,combined with the principle of bionics,high-precision 3D scanning technology was used to collect the bionic data of third toe,the longest of the talpa europea's fore claw,and imageware reverse design software was used to process the point cloud data of the third toe to obtain the point cloud data of contour curve.The data fitting was carried out by Matlab software to obtain the structural curve of the bionic shovel.According to the design principle of the digging shovel of rhizome Chinese herbal medicine and the agronomic requirements of planting saposhnikovia divarica-ta,the key performance parameters of bionic digging shovel were determined,and the 3D model was established.EDEM discrete element simulation analysis software was used to compare and analyze the excavation performance of bionic shovel and ordinary shovel from two aspects of drag reduction performance and soil crushing performance.The simulation results showed that under the same simulation conditions,the drag reduction rate of bionic shovel was 12.50%and the rate of soil crushing was increased by 2.92%.The excavation performance of the bionic shovel and the accuracy of the discrete element simulation model were verified by the soil-bin experiment,the verification results showed that the drag reduction rate of the bionic shovel was 13.42%,and the relative error between the measured value and the simulation value was 6.86%,the bionic shovel has good performance of drag reduction and soil crushing,and the constructed discrete element simulation model has high accuracy.

关 键 词：仿生铲 栽种防风 EDEM 挖掘性能 土槽试验 

分 类 号：S225.79[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S220.3[农业科学—农业工程]