梳夹式红花采收装置集花机构优化与整机性能试验  

Optimization and Experiment of Collection Mechanism for Safflower Comb-clamp Harvesting Device

作　　者：赵敏义 杨双平 曹卫彬[2] 张振国 邢振宇 Zhao Minyi;Yang Shuangping;Cao Weibin;Zhang Zhenguo;Xing Zhenyu(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,·U·r·u·mqi 830052,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机电工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]石河子大学机械电气工程学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《农机化研究》2024年第7期158-163,共6页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2019D01B12);国家自然科学基金项目(31901417);自治区研究生科研创新项目(XJ2022G143)。

摘　　要：针对研制的梳夹式红花采收装置存在采摘后的花丝掉落严重,导致花丝采集效率低的问题,提出一种新型的气吹-气吸组合式集花机构。该机构利用正压气流吹动粘附花丝脱离采摘头,同时结合梳夹装置前端安装的采摘头护罩,利用负压气流收集采摘后的花丝并防止花丝掉落。通过分析花丝在正压气流中受力情况,优化了集花机构的关键结构及工作参数。为验证整机性能,以含水率≥44.5%的新疆裕民红花为对象,对集花机构优化后的梳夹式红花采收装置进行了田间试验。试验结果表明:优化后的红花采收装置花丝采净率提升至81.74%,花丝掉落率降低至2.31%,相较于优化前采净率提高了4.47%,掉落率降低了0.31%,减少了花丝损失,整机性能得到提升,可为红花机械化高效低损采收提供参考。A new combined air-blowing-air-suction type flower collection mechanism is proposed for the problem of low filament collection efficiency due to the serious falling of picked filaments from the developed comb-clamp type safflower harvesting device.The mechanism uses the positive pressure airflow to blow the adhering filaments away from the picking head,and at the same time,combined with the picking head guard installed at the front of the comb-clamp device,the negative pressure airflow is used to collect the picked filaments and prevent them from falling off;by analyzing the force of the filaments in the positive pressure airflow,the key structure and working parameters of the flower collection mecha-nism are optimized;in order to verify the performance of the whole machine,Xinjiang Yumin safflower with moisture con-tent≥44.5%is used as the object,and the flower collection mechanism is optimized.To verify the performance of the machine,field tests were conducted on the optimized comb-clamp safflower harvesting device.The results showed that the optimized safflower harvesting device improved the net filament harvesting rate to 81.74%and reduced the filament drop rate to 2.31%,which increased the net harvesting rate by 4.47%and reduced the drop rate by 0.31%compared with the pre-optimized harvesting rate,reduced the filament loss and improved the machine performance,and provided a ref-erence for mechanized high efficiency and low loss harvesting of safflower.

关 键 词：集花机构 梳夹式 采摘头护罩 气吹-气吸组合 红花 

分 类 号：S225.99[农业科学—农业机械化工程]