自走式果园喷雾机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Orchard Sprayer

作　　者：梁俊鹏 王贤斐[1,2] 李景彬 李亚丽[1] 丁龙朋 温宝琴 张志元[1] 丁惠哲 Liang Junpeng;Wang Xianfei;Li Jingbin;Li Yali;Ding Longpeng;Wen Baoqin;Zhang Zhiyuan;Ding Huizhe(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China;Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Machinery,Shihezi 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学机械电气工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]现代农业机械兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子833200

出　　处：《农机化研究》2024年第8期85-93,150,共10页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：兵团财政科技计划项目(2021BB003);石河子大学创新发展专项(KX01210205)。

摘　　要：针对新疆果园喷雾施药作业劳动强度大、雾滴穿透性差、机具适用范围小等问题,结合果园农机农艺及病虫害防治要求,设计了一款自走式果园喷雾机,主要由履带式行走系统、喷雾系统和远程控制系统等组成。通过计算分析确定各部分主要结构参数,并通过有限元模拟分析机架结构合理性。为验证喷雾机作业性能,以喷头流量为试验因素,以喷雾附着率与喷雾穿透性为试验指标,针对整机喷杆喷雾装置与风送喷雾装置开展田间试验。结果表明:在相同工作条件下,喷杆式喷雾装置平均喷雾附着率高于风送式喷雾装置,两种喷雾装置平均喷雾附着率分别为71.99%与66.35%,均能满足喷雾附着要求。在穿透性试验中,风送式喷雾装置内外冠层药液沉积变异系数平均比喷杆式喷雾装置小14%,风送式喷雾装置穿透性明显强于喷杆式喷雾装置。喷雾机两种喷雾装置在附着率与穿透性上都有较好的作业效果,可根据果树不同生长时期以及不同农艺需求选择适合的喷雾方式,来达到更好的喷雾效果。A self-propelled orchard spray was designed to solve the problems of high labor intensity,poor penetration of fog droplets and serious pesticide pollution in orchard spray in Xinjiang,combined with the requirements of orchard agricultural machinery,agronomy and pest control.The whole machine is mainly composed of crawler walking system,spray system and remote control system.The main structural parameters of each part are determined by calculation and analysis,and the rationality of the frame structure is analyzed by finite element simulation.In order to verify the operating performance of the spray,field tests were carried out on the whole machine spray bar spray device and air-driven spray device with the nozzle flow as the test factor and the spray adhesion rate and spray penetration as the test indicators.The test results show that under the same working conditions,the average spray adhesion rate of the spray bar spray device is higher than that of the air driven spray device.The average spray adhesion rates of the two spray devices are 71.99%and 66.35%respectively,which can meet the spray adhesion requirements.In the penetration test,the variation coefficient of the inner and outer canopy liquid deposition of the wind fed spray device is on average 14%smaller than that of the spray rod spray device,and the penetration of the wind fed spray device is significantly stronger than that of the spray rod spray device.The two kinds of spray devices of spray have good operating effects in terms of adhesion and penetration.At the same time,suitable spray methods can be selected according to different growth periods of fruit trees and different agronomic needs to achieve better spray effects.

关 键 词：果园 喷雾机 自走式 风送式 喷杆式 

分 类 号：S491[农业科学—植物保护]