煤与煤系战略性金属矿产协同勘查技术方法  

Cooperative exploration methods of coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata

作　　者：魏迎春[1,2] 李新 曹代勇[1,2] 张昀 位金昊 徐来鑫 王安民[1] WEI Yingchun;LI Xin;CAO Daiyong;ZHANG Yun;WEI Jinhao;XU Laixin;WANG Anmin(College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2023年第12期27-41,共15页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFC2902004);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42372187);宁夏2023年地质事业发展专项资金资助项目(640000233000000011005)。

摘　　要：战略性金属矿产在新材料、新能源、现代信息技术、国防军工等新兴产业均具有不可替代性,传统战略性金属矿产资源储备相对较低,供应风险较高。煤系战略性金属矿产资源作为重要补充,已成为新型战略性金属矿产资源勘查的重要方向,因此,基于煤与煤系战略性金属矿产的基本特征,亟需开展煤与煤系战略性金属矿产协同勘查方法研究。基于前人研究成果,以煤与煤系战略性金属矿产(铀、锂、镓、锗、铌-锆-镓-稀土)为研究对象,总结了煤与煤系战略性金属矿产的主要组合类型,探讨了煤与煤系战略性金属矿产协同勘查方法。从煤与煤系战略性金属矿产的赋存位置角度,总结了煤与煤系战略性金属矿产资源的主要组合类型,包括煤-铀矿床、煤-锂、镓矿床、煤-锗矿床、煤-铌-锆-镓-稀土矿床。根据不同岩石及矿产的物性差异,总结了不同勘查技术方法的响应原理及特征。基于煤与煤系战略性金属矿产的分布规律、赋存层位等,针对煤与煤系战略性金属矿产的地质条件、地球化学条件和地球物理条件,总结了主要组合类型的基本特征。从多矿种勘查的协同和各勘查技术的协同两方面出发,基于煤和煤系战略性金属矿产的勘查技术方法,遵循经济效益最大化和勘查方法最优化原则,提出了合理的煤与煤系战略性金属矿产的协同勘查方法。基于铀具有放射性特征,煤-铀矿床协同勘查应加强遥感、地质填图、放射性勘查方法(伽马总量、伽马能谱、氡及其子体测量和伽马录井)、穿透性地球化学、地面物探(高精度磁法/地震/电磁法)、钻探、测井和岩石地球化学等方法的协同运用。基于锂、镓的分散性和赋存位置,煤-锂、镓矿床的协同勘查应加强遥感、地质填图、山地工程、高精度地震、钻探、测井和岩石地球化学等方法的协同运用。基于煤-锗同体,且锗赋存Strategic metal resources are irreplaceable for new materials,new energy,information technology,aerospace,national defense and other emerging industries,traditional strategic metal mineral resources have relatively few reserves and high supply risks.The Stra-tegic metal resources in coal-bearing strata are used as an important supplement and have become an important direction of new strategic metal resources exploration,therefore,based on the basic characteristics of coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata,it is ur-gent to carry out research on collaborative exploration methods for coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata.This article is based on previous research results and focuses on coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata(uranium,lithium,gallium,ger-manium,niobium-zirconium-gallium-rare earth),the study has summarized the main combination types of coal and strategic metal re-sources in coal-bearing strata,and explored the cooperative exploration methods of coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata.From the perspective of the occurrence position of coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata,the main combination types of coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata are summarized,including coal-uranium deposits,coal-lithium deposits,coal-gallium deposits,coal-germanium deposits,coal-niobium-zirconium-gallium-rare earth deposits.According to the differences in phys-ical properties of different rocks and minerals,the response principles and characteristics of different exploration techniques and methods were summarized.Based on distribution law and occurrence horizon of coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata,the geolo-gical,geochemical and geophysical conditions of coal and strategic metal resources in coal-bearing strata are discussed,the basic charac-teristics of the main combination types have been summarized.From the perspective of coordination of multi-mineral exploration and co-ordination of v

关 键 词：煤 煤系战略性金属矿产 协同勘查原理 协同勘查方法 地质勘查 

分 类 号：TD15[矿业工程—矿山地质测量] P618[天文地球—矿床学]