高寒冻土区露天矿水传输涵养系统构建模式及应用  

Construction mode and application of open-pit mineral water transmission and conservation system in alpine permafrost area

作　　者：王伟超 王佟[2] 王明宏 李永红 梁振新 赵欣[3] 孙玉琦 李有鑫 WANG Weichao;WANG Tong;WANG Minghong;LI Yonghong;LIANG Zhenxin;ZHAO Xin;SUN Yuqi;LI Youxin(Qinghai Administration of Coal Geology,Bureau of Coal Gedogy of China National,Xining 810001,China;China National Administration of Coal Geology,Beijing 100038,China;Carbon Neutral Research institute,China Administration of Coal Geology,Beijing 100039,China;Qinghai Institute Coal Geological Prospecting,Xining 810001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国煤炭地质总局青海煤炭地质局,青海西宁810001 [2]中国煤炭地质总局,北京100038 [3]中国煤炭地质总局碳中和研究院,北京100039 [4]青海煤炭地质勘查院,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2023年第12期168-179,共12页Coal Science and Technology

摘　　要：水源涵养修复与保护一直是露天矿从开采到闭坑后全生命周期治理和生态环境保护中的薄弱环节,涉及高寒冻土区复杂背景下多学科、多圈层环境下更为错综复杂的水问题,其中相互联动水文过程的分析研究更是巨大挑战。在分析自然环境及高寒冻土环境下水传输涵养的影响因素和矿山开采活动对水传输涵养影响的基础上,从不同形式和环境圈层中水的相互交织传输过程,重点分析在自然环境、露天矿生产活动破坏影响和人工修复保护3种情形下的水传输涵养机理。基于全面联系分析查找问题的思路和综合系统治理的原则,提出了水传输涵养系统的概念,并从3个基本构架提出了露天矿水传输涵养系统模式构建:(1)从治理区到与自然水系联通的20余种组合模式及不同类型对象基本适用条件,提出了地表水系联通搭接顶层系统构建;(2)按照近似原位涵养、汇水传输、过水传输、输排通道等功能单元定位,从生态截排水沟、不同截排水沟空间展布样式和输排水骨干网、汇水支网、功能单元分区提出生态截排水网络构建;(3)从微地貌整形、地表毛细沟网络和垂向上多元生态地质层重构理念支撑原位水源涵养系统重构的底层设计。基于以上研究,以5号井为例将其规划建造成10个功能单元分区,实现分区引导下地表水补径排汇空间分布的重新调整分配,最终形成5号井新的地表水传输涵养系统。研究旨在为高寒冻土区露天矿水的修复保护工作提供新的系统思路和方法支撑。Water conservation restoration and protection has always been a weak link in the whole life cycle management and ecological environmental protection from open-pit mining to pit closure,which involves more complex water problems in the complex environment of multidisciplinary and multi-circle environments in alpine permafrost areas,among which the analysis and research of interconnected hy-drological processes is a huge challenge.On the basis of a brief analysis of the influencing factors of water transport and conservation in the natural environment and alpine permafrost environment and the impact of mining activities on water transport and conservation,this paper focuses on the analysis of the water transport and conservation mechanism in three cases:the impact of water transmission and con-servation in the natural environment,the damage impact of open-pit mine production activities,and artificial restoration and protection.Based on the idea of comprehensive contact analysis and problem finding and the principle of comprehensive system gov-ernance,the concept of water transmission and conservation system is proposed,and the model construction of open-pit mine water trans-mission and conservation system is proposed from three basic frameworks:①from the treatment area to more than 20 combination modes connected with natural water systems and the basic applicable conditions of different types of objects,the construction of surface water system connection and overlapping top-level system is proposed;②According to the positioning of functional units such as approximate in-situ conservation,catchment transmission,water transmission,and transmission and drainage channels,the construction of ecological interception and drainage network was proposed from the spatial distribution style of ecological interception and drainage ditches,differ-ent interception and drainage ditches,and the partitioning of water transmission and drainage backbone network,catchment branch net-work,and functional units.③The underlying desig

关 键 词：高寒冻土区 水传输涵养机理 水传输涵养系统 地表水系联通 生态截排水网络 原位水涵养系统 

分 类 号：TD167[矿业工程—矿山地质测量]