有机肥种类及施用比例对云南洱海烟区植烟土壤氮淋失的影响  

Effects of organic fertilizer type and application rate on nitrogen leaching loss from tobacco growing soil in Erhai tobacco area of Yunnan Province

作　　者：王阁 赵园园 韦建玉[2] 王德勋[3] 王政[2] 陈永建 史宏志[1] WANG Ge;ZHAO Yuanyuan;WEI Jianyu;WANG Dexun;WANG Zheng;CHEN Yongjian;SHI Hongzhi(College of Tobacco Science,Research Center for Tobacco Harm Reduction,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530001,China;Dali Branch of Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company,Dali 671000,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院烟草农业减害中心,郑州市450046 [2]广西中烟工业有限责任公司,南宁市530001 [3]云南省烟草公司大理州公司,云南省671000

出　　处：《烟草科技》2024年第3期56-64,共9页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：广西中烟工业有限责任公司项目“洱源基地烟叶绿色高效生产技术体系研究与应用”(No.2021450000340021);中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技项目“抗黑胫病红花大金元(云烟300)示范推广与工业可用性研究”(No.2022530000241015)。

摘　　要：为明确有机肥种类对云南洱海烟区植烟土壤氮淋失的减控效果,以及有机肥施用比例与植烟土壤氮淋失关系,以混合型有机肥、生物炭肥、芝麻饼肥为材料进行了室内土柱模拟试验。结果表明:(1)等施氮量且30%有机肥施用条件下,3种有机肥处理硝态氮、铵态氮淋失量和^(15)Nδ值的平均值分别降低29.56%、7.18%和37.83%。(2)生物炭肥处理硝态氮、铵态氮淋失量和^(15)Nδ值分别降低32.59%、9.95%和41.17%,降幅大于混合型有机肥和芝麻饼肥处理。(3)随有机肥施用比例的提高,植烟土壤氮淋失呈下降趋势,有机肥100%施用处理的硝态氮、铵态氮淋失量分别降低51.14%和22.88%。生物炭肥对洱海烟区的植烟土壤氮淋失减控效果较好,有机肥施用比例与植烟土壤氮淋失之间呈线性负相关,提高有机肥施用比例有助于降低洱海烟区的植烟土壤氮淋失污染风险。To clarify the effects of organic fertilizer type on the reduction of nitrogen leaching loss from tobacco soil in Erhai tobacco growing area of Yunnan Province and the relationship between the application rate of organic fertilizers and nitrogen leaching loss from tobacco growing soil,indoor soil column simulation experiments were conducted using mixed organic fertilizers,biochar fertilizers,and sesame cake fertilizers as study materials.The results showed that:1)At the same nitrogen application rate with 30%chemical fertilizers replaced by organic nitrogen fertilizers,the leaching amounts of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen and the 15Nδvalue under different organic fertilizer treatments averagely decreased by 29.56%,7.18%and 37.83%,respectively.2)The leaching amounts of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen and the 15Nδvalue decreased by 32.59%,9.95%and 41.17%in the biochar fertilizer treatment,respectively.The decreases were greater than those of the mixed organic fertilizer and the sesame cake fertilizer treatments.3)As the application rate of the organic nitrogen fertilizers increased,the leaching loss of nitrogen from tobacco growing soil showed a downward trend.The leaching loss of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the 100%organic fertilizer treatment decreased by 51.14%and 22.88%,respectively.The biochar fertilizers had a good effect on the reduction of nitrogen leaching loss from tobacco growing soil in Erhai tobacco growing area.There was a linear negative correlation between the application rate of the organic fertilizers and nitrogen leaching loss from tobacco growing soil,and increasing the application rate of organic nitrogen fertilizers contributes to the risk reduction of nitrogen leaching pollution from tobacco growing soil in Erhai tobacco area.

关 键 词：植烟土壤 氮淋失 有机肥 生物炭 

分 类 号：S572.06[农业科学—烟草工业]