大电流真空电弧中阳极熔化过程的实验与仿真研究  

Experimental and Numerical Study on Anode Melting in High Current Vacuum Arcs

作　　者：张在秦 刘志远[2] 王闯 耿英三[2] 王建华[2] Zhang Zaiqin;Liu Zhiyuan;Wang Chuang;Geng Yingsan;Wang Jianhua(School of Electrical Engineering Xi'an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048 China;State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学电气工程学院,西安710048 [2]电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室(西安交通大学),西安710049

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2024年第7期2143-2152,2160,共11页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52307188);国家重点研发计划重点专项(2022YFB2403700);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2023-JCYB-398)资助。

摘　　要：大电流真空开断过程中,阳极触头在电弧作用下的熔化过程极大地影响着开断结果。目前对阳极熔化的研究集中于铜及铜基合金,所涉及的材料热特性参数较为局限。为了在更大物性参数范围下剖析阳极熔化机理,该文对W、Mo、Cr、Fe四种材料开展了阳极熔化实验研究,同时建立电弧磁流体动力学模型及阳极传热模型对熔化过程进行仿真模拟。结果表明,在固定阴极为Cu的大电流燃弧实验中,四种阳极材料的临界熔化电流分别为14.0、11.9、8.6、7.5 kA;在阳极热过程模拟中,确定了阳极输入能流密度的空间与时间分布,并得到了阳极表面温度。四种材料的阳极最高温度均出现在燃弧时刻7.0 ms附近,临界电流下计算得到的阳极最高温度与相应材料熔点误差小于150 K。Vacuum interrupters are widely used in the medium voltage level system with the excellent interruption capability,simple structure and low maintenance cost.Moreover,developing vacuum interruption to transmission voltage level is an ideal method to replace the greenhouse gas SF_(6) towards the dual-carbon target.Breaking capacity is the core technology of the circuit breaker,the development of vacuum breaking technology needs to be based on an in-depth understanding of its breaking mechanism.In high current vacuum interruption process,the anode melting process under vacuum arc greatly affects the vacuum interruption results.The process of melting and destruction of anodes under the high current vacuum arc has been a focus of research over the decades.However,the previous research on the anode melting mainly focused on copper and copper-based alloys,and the relevant material thermal parameters are relatively limited.In order to understand the anode melting mechanism in a wider range of physical parameters,this work conducted the experiments on the anode melting of The objective of this study is to obtain the influence of the anode material on the anode melting,therefore,to eliminate the interference of the arc evolution,the cathode material is set as Cu for the four investigate anode metals.In the experiments,the current is applied from low current to high current with an interval of 1.5 kA.A high speed camera is used to record the anode activity under different arc current.The experimental results show that the corresponding threshold melting current for W,Mo,Cr and Fe are 14.0 kA,11.9 kA,8.6 kA and 7.5 kA,respectively.The first melting of the four metals occurred at the arcing time of about 6.5~7.0 ms.Besides the experiments,this work numerically study the anode melting.A two temperature magnetohydrodynamic model is used to describe the vacuum arc with a developed cathode boundary.The arc plasma parameters could be obtained in the arc,such as the particle density,temperature,velocity and so on.An anode sheath is

关 键 词：大电流真空电弧 触头熔化 阳极材料 磁流体动力学仿真 

分 类 号：TM561.2[电气工程—电器]