我国平台用工规制路径的反思与改进  

Reflections and Improvement on the Regulatory Path of Platform Work in China

作　　者：谢增毅[1] Xie Zengyi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《中外法学》2024年第2期386-406,共21页Peking University Law Journal

摘　　要：目前我国平台用工法律规制的主要路径是行政指导,即由相关部门发布“指导意见”,这一路径导致相关规则内容抽象、规则不统一、缺乏裁判规则以及权利难以救济等问题。“指导意见”引入“不完全符合确立劳动关系情形”的概念,由此带来诸多理论争议和实务操作困难。司法机关也发布相关司法文件和典型案例报告,但对司法实务指导作用有限。因此,我国应调整和优化平台用工规制路径,通过专门立法和司法解释,构建内容全面、规则统一、权利内容和救济途径完备、兼具行为规范和裁判规范的规则。同时,着眼于平台用工的新特点,除了完善劳动关系认定规则和基本劳动标准,还应完善有关算法管理、数据保护和人工智能规制等规则。当前我国不必在劳动法中引入“第三类主体”,也不必在立法上引入“不完全符合确立劳动关系情形”的概念,而应通过排除法,为大部分平台工人提供基本劳动权利保护,在此基础上,将符合“雇员”定义的平台工人纳入劳动法保护范围。At present,the main path for the legal regulation of platform work in China is administrative guidance,which means that relevant ministries issue"guiding opinions"to regulate platform work.This path leads to many problems such as abstractness of the content of relevant rules,inconsistency between rules,lack of judicial rules,and difficulty in obtaining legal remedies.The introduction of the concept of"a situation where the standard of labor relationship is not completely met"("incomplete labor relationship")in"guiding opinions"has brought about many theoretical controversies and practical difficulties.Judicial organs also issue judicial documents and reports on typical cases,but their guidance on judicial practice is limited.In view of these problems,China should adjust and optimize the regulatory path for platform work by building through special legislation and judicial interpretations a set of comprehensive and consistent rules with complete rights content and legal remedies.In addition,in light of the new characteristics of platform work,China should improve the rules for the determination of labor relationships and basic labor standards,as well as the rules related to algorithmic management,data protection,and regulation of artificial intelligence in platform work.At present,China does not need to introduce the concept of"subject of third category"in labor law or the concept of"incomplete labor relationship"in its legislation.Instead,it should provide basic labor rights protection for most platform workers through the exclusion of certain platform workers.On this basis,platform workers who meet the definition of"employee"should be fully protected by the labor law.

关 键 词：平台用工 规制 算法 第三类主体 

分 类 号：D922.5[政治法律—民商法学]