洋葱小鳞茎大小及播种方向对其品质及产量的影响  

Effects of Bulblets Size and Planting Direction on Quality and Yield of Onion

作　　者：阿热孜姑·吐逊 高杰[1] Arezigu·TUXUN;GAO Jie(College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第5期1-8,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFD0201205-3)。

摘　　要：以洋葱小鳞茎作为材料,采用田间试验的方法,设计5~6、4 mm和3 mm 3种小鳞茎大小,鳞茎根部向下和鳞茎水平放置2种播种方向,研究了不同小鳞茎横径大小及鳞茎根部不同播种方向对洋葱鳞茎性状、品质及产量的影响,以期获得最适宜的小鳞茎横径标准。结果表明:T1处理的综合评价最高,发芽率95.06%、株高57.90 cm、假茎粗11.47 mm、叶片数7.93片、SPAD值52.07、果形指数0.91、单果质量311.33 g、2.68 m^(2)小区产量18.96 kg、干物质含量6.33%、可溶性固形物含量15.00%、可溶性糖含量1.63%、丙酮酸含量8.71 mg·(100g)-1FW、维生素C含量11.99 mg·(100g)-1FW。将6种处理的各项指标进行主成分分析并进行综合评价,综合评价值由高到低为T1>T2>T3>T4>T5>T6。综上所述,5~6 mm鳞茎根部向下(T1)处理的综合表现良好,排名第一,洋葱的生长、品质及产量达到最优。Onion bulblets were used as sowing materials,and three kinds of bulblet sizes were designed by field experiment(5-6 mm,4 mm and 3 mm).Two kinds of sowing directions were designed,bulblet root downward and bulblet horizontal placement.The effects of different bulblet transverse diameters and different sowing directions of bulblet root on onion bulb traits,quality and yield were studied,in order to obtain the most suitable bulblet diameter standard.The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation of T1 treatment was the highest,with germination rate of 95.06%,plant height of 57.90 cm,pseudostem diameter of 11.47 mm,leaf number of 7.93,SPAD value of 52.07,fruit shape index of 0.91,single fruit weight of 311.33 g,2.68 m^(2) plot yield of 18.96 kg,dry matter content of 6.33%,soluble solids content of 15.00%,soluble sugar content of 1.63%,pyruvic acid content of 8.71 mg·(100g)^(-1)FW,vitamin C content of 11.99 mg·(100g)^(-1)FW.The indexes of the six treatments were analyzed by principal component analysis and evaluated comprehensively.The comprehensive evaluation value was from high to low T1>T2>T3>T4>T5>T6.From the comprehensive evaluation,it can be seen that the comprehensive performance of the 5-6 mm bulblet root downward(T1)treatment was good,ranking first,and the growth,quality and yield of onion were optimal.

关 键 词：洋葱 小鳞茎大小 播种方向 品质 产量 

分 类 号：S633.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]