小麦田日本看麦娘和菵草竞争力比较  

Competitiveness Comparison between Alopecurus japonicasand Beckmannia syzigachne in Wheat Fields

作　　者：彭程 夏志铭 陈勇睿 袁树忠[1] 邓维 PENG Cheng;XIA Zhi-ming;CHEN Yong-rui;YUAN Shu-zhong;DENG Wei(College of Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学植物保护学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《杂草学报》2023年第4期30-36,共7页Journal of Weed Science

摘　　要：日本看麦娘和菵草是江苏省稻茬小麦田的优势种杂草,为了比较2种杂草在田间的竞争能力,在2021—2022年进行盆栽试验,采用竞争试验方法测定相邻杂草密度为1~16株/盆时靶标杂草日本看麦娘、菵草的株高、穗长、单株成穗数、结实产量及干重等。结果表明,随着相邻杂草密度的增加,靶标杂草的株高、穗长、单株成穗数、结实产量均呈下降趋势。菵草为相邻杂草时对靶标杂草的竞争效应大于日本看麦娘为相邻杂草的效应。2种杂草对日本看麦娘株高、穗长影响的差异比其他指标小;最小试验密度的2种相邻杂草对靶标杂草穗长、结实产量的竞争效应差异不显著,密度增加时则表现出差异显著性;菵草对靶标杂草单株穗数的影响显著或极显著大于日本看麦娘(4株/盆除外),相邻杂草密度超过2株/盆时,菵草对靶标杂草结实产量的影响也显著或极显著高于日本看麦娘的影响,说明菵草对靶标杂草的竞争效应大于日本看麦娘。在相邻杂草密度与靶标杂草相对干重的关系模型中,菵草为相邻杂草的b值均大于日本看麦娘为相邻杂草的b值,表明菵草(邻)对靶标杂草干重积累的影响大于日本看麦娘(邻)的影响。2种杂草混生时,菵草的竞争力大于日本看麦娘,菵草对日本看麦娘有竞争优势。Alopecurus japonicas and Beckmannia syzigachne are the dominant weeds in rice stubble wheat field of Jiangsu Province.To compare the competitive ability of two weeds,a pot experiment was conducted to determine plant height,spike length,spike number per plant,fruiting-yield and dry weight of target weeds A.japonicas or B.syzigachne via the competitive experiment method when the density of neighbor weeds was 1-16 plants/pot.The results showed that plant height,spike length,spike number and fruiting-yield of target weeds showed a downward trend as the density of neighbor weeds increased.The competitive effect of B.syzigachne on target weeds was greater than that of A.japonicus on adjacent weeds.There was little difference in the effects of two neighbor weeds on plant height and spike length of A.japonicas.The competitive effects of the two neighbor weeds with the minimum density on the spike length and fruiting-yield of the target weeds were not significantly different respectively,but showed significant differences when the density increased.The impact on the spike number per plant of target weeds was significantly by B.syzigachne greater than that by A.japonicus.When the density of neighborhood exceeds 2 plants/pot,the impact of B.syzigachne on the fruiting-yield of target weeds was also significantly higher than that of A.japonicus.It means that the competitive effect of B.syzigachne on target weeds was greater than that of A.japonicus.In the relationship model between the density of neighbor weeds and the relative dry weight of target weeds,when B.syzigachne was a neighborhood,the slop b-values of the models were greater than that of A.japonicus,indicating that B.syzigachne had a greater impact on the biomass accumulation of target weeds than A.japonicus.When they grew together,the competitiveness of B.syzigachne with the competitive advantage was greater than that of A.japonicus。

关 键 词：小麦田 日本看麦娘 菵草 竞争 相对干重 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]