新上市药品首发价格形成机制与鼓励高质量创新的经济学理论分析  

Analysis of Mechanisms for the Formation of Launch Price of Newly-Launched Drugs to Encourage High-Quality Innovation with Economic Theory

作　　者：韩晟[1,2] 陶立波 朱大伟[1,2] 黄果 李鑫垚 李元通 陈敬 王国华[1] 史录文[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学医药管理国际研究中心,北京100191 [2]北京大学药学院,北京100191 [3]北京大学医学部卫生政策与技术评估中心,北京100191 [4]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国医疗保险》2024年第3期11-16,共6页China Health Insurance

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于医保大数据的药品合理使用监管决策创新方法研究”(82273899)。

摘　　要：目的:本研究旨在探究新上市药品首发价格形成机制的经济学本质,及其面临的挑战与待解决的问题。方法:从药品价格形成机制的基本原理出发,本文引入了内生与外生价格、非对称信息博弈、创新药品市场竞争以及新制度经济学的相关理论,探索药品首发价格形成机制的经济学理论基础。结论及建议:建立合理的药品首发价格形成机制,是发挥市场在资源配置中起决定性作用的同时更好发挥政府作用的举措。以鼓励高质量创新为目标的药品首发价格形成机制,应当以降低制度性交易成本为核心目标。建议以创新价值、竞争情况等相关信息披露为基础,对新上市药品合理分类,降低信息不对称程度,治理当前新药市场的逆向选择问题。在保证高质量创新药定价权最大化的同时约束同质化创新的垄断定价权,兼顾效率和公平。Objective:The paper discusses the economic theoretical underpinnings of how newly launched drugs form their launch price,the challenges,and problems.Methods:Based on the general rules of drug pricing,the study explores the mechanisms of forming a launch price from the perspectives of endogenous and exogenous pricing,asymmetric information game,competition in the innovative drug market,and new institutional economics.Conclusion and Suggestion:Establishing appropriate pricing mechanism for the launching of newly-launched drugs is a measure to play the decisive role of the market in the resource allocation while better playing the role of the government.The mechanism encouraging high-quality innovation should focus on reducing institutional transaction costs.Based on the information disclosure of innovation value and competition,we propose to classify newlylaunched drugs to reduce the degree of information asymmetry and address the problem of adverse selection in the current new drug market,maximize the pricing power for high-quality innovative drugs and restrict the pricing power of monopoly for homogeneous innovations,balancing efficiency and equity.

关 键 词：新上市药品 首发价格形成机制 高质量创新 

分 类 号：F840.684[经济管理—保险]