运动益处与障碍认知对中小学生身体活动影响的研究  

Study on the effects of perceived exercise benefits and barriers on physical activity in primary and secondary school students

作　　者：李鑫慧 冯宁[1] LI Xinhui;FENG Ning(Shenyang Sport University,Shenyang 110102,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳体育学院,辽宁沈阳110102

出　　处：《辽宁体育科技》2024年第2期66-72,共7页Liaoning Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“家庭生态系统理论视域下儿童青少年身体活动行为影响因素分析研究”(项目编号:19YJC890009);辽宁省自然科学基金项目“家庭生态理论视域下儿童青少年体质健康影响因素分析”(项目编号:2020-MS-359)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨中小学生运动益处与障碍认知对于身体活动的影响及内在关联,为提升中小学生身体活动和减少久坐行为提供参考。方法:随机抽取小学4~6年级618人和初中1~3年级学生1047人,调查其身体活动水平、久坐行为时长和运动障碍及障碍认知水平;使用卡方检验比较不同性别、不同学段学生的身体活动水平的差异,使用独立样本t检验比较中小学生的运动益处认知差异,最后进行多元线性回归分析揭示其关联性。结果:被调查学生的总体身体活动水平偏低,66.5%的女生处在低强度身体活动水平远高于男生的46.9%(X~2=71.29,P<0.001);初中生低强度身体活动人数占比68.6%远高于小学生的36.1%,56.0%的小学生处在中等强度身体活动水平远高于初中生的29.0%(X~2=171.75,P<0.001)。中小学男生的运动益处与障碍认知得分高于女生,中学生运动益处与障碍认知得分高于小学生,并具有显著性差异(P<0.001)。运动益处与障碍认知中预防保健、生命促进维度与中小学男生久坐行为显著相关(P<0.001),社会交往与女生久坐行为显著相关(P<0.001);生命促进、社会交往分别与中小学生中高强度身体活动水平显著相关(P<0.001)。结论:被调查的学生总体身体活动水平不足现象严重;运动益处与障碍认知水平男生高于女生;初中生运动益处认知水平高于小学生,但受到课业影响积极的认知水平并未直接促进身体活动水平提升;社会交往和时间开销是中小学生久坐行为的主要影响因素,预防保健、生命促进对男生的久坐行为影响较大,社会交往则更影响女生的久坐行为。Objective:To explore the effects and intrinsic associations of perceived exercise benefits and barriers on physical activity in primary and secondary school students,and to provide a reference basis for enhancing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in primary and secondary school students.Methods:In this study,618 students in grades 4~6 of primary school and 1047 students in grades 1~3 of secondary school were randomly selected to investigate the physical activity level,length of sedentary behavior,and perceived levels of exercise barriers and obstacles of primary and secondary school students;the chi-square test was used to compare the differences in the physical activity levels of different genders and school ages,and the t-test was used to compare the differences in the perceptions of the benefits of exercise among primary and secondary school students.Linear regression analysis was performed to reveal the associations.Results:The overall physical activity level of the surveyed students was low,with 66.5%of female students in low-intensity physical activity levels much higher than 46.9%of male students (X~2=71.29,P<0.001);68.6%of secondary school students in low-intensity physical activity level was much higher than 36.1%of primary school students,and 56.0%of primary school students were in moderate-intensity physical activity level much higher than 29.0%of secondary school students (X~2=29.0%,P<0.001);the number of secondary school students in low-intensity physical activity level was much higher than that of primary school students(P<0.001).29.0%(X~2=171.75,P<0.001).Perceived benefits and barriers to exercise scores were higher for male than female students in primary and secondary schools,and secondary school students scores were higher than primary school students,which were significantly different(P<0.001).The preventive health and life promotion dimensions of the exercise benefits and barriers perception were significantly associated with the sedentary behavior of male students in primary a

关 键 词：中小学生 身体活动 久坐行为 运动益处与障碍认知 

分 类 号：G804.49[文化科学—运动人体科学]