高压水射流割缝钻头的研制与增透效果工程验证  

Development of High Pressure Water Jet Slotting Bit and Engineering Verification of Anti-reflection Effect

作　　者：石光 SHI Guang(China Coal Science and Industry Group Shenyang Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Fushun 113122,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology,Fushun 113122,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司,辽宁抚顺113122 [2]煤矿安全技术国家重点实验室,辽宁抚顺113122

出　　处：《煤》2024年第4期6-10,共5页Coal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(51774182);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(51404138);中煤科工集团沈阳研究院创新引导项目(SYYD-21WS-002)。

摘　　要：为提高水力割缝增加煤层透气性的工作效率,设计研发了高压水射流割缝钻头。采用数值模拟探究了淹没条件与非淹没条件下的叶轮喷嘴导向角度与射流流场扩散角的演化关系以及喷头在旋转与非旋转条件下的射流流速分布特征,最终采用气体示踪法对新型钻头的割缝效果进行检验。结果表明:叶轮导向角大于45°后,非淹没射流扩散角的增大速率更快,表现出了明显的紊流特征。综合能量损失率、射流扩散角的影响,最终选取45°的叶轮导向角作为设计角度。喷头的旋转对于轴向与切向的射流速度具有促进作用,尤其对于切向射流速度提升效果更强,在钻头侧面安装多喷头相比于在钻头前方安装喷头可有效提升扩孔效率。瓦斯抽采影响半径达到4.5 m与9 m的时间与普通割缝钻头相比分别加快了6 d与17 d.In order to improve the working efficiency of hydraulic slotting and increase the permeability of coal seam,a high-pressure water jet slotting bit was designed and developed.The evolutionary relationship between the steering angle of the impeller nozzle and the diffusion angle of the jet flow field under submerged and non-submerged conditions and the distribution characteristics of the jet flow velocity under rotating and non-rotating conditions were investigated by numerical simulation.Finally,the cutting effect of the new drill bit is tested by gas tracer method.The results show that when the impeller guiding angle is greater than 45°,the non-submerged jet diffusion angle increases faster,showing obvious turbulent flow characteristics.Considering the influence of energy loss rate and jet diffusion angle,the impeller guiding angle of 45°is finally selected as the design angle.The rotation of the nozzle can promote the axial and tangential jet velocity,especially the tangential jet velocity.Installing multiple nozzles on the side of the bit can effectively improve the reaming efficiency compared with installing nozzles on the front of the bit.The time for gas extraction to reach the radius of 4.5 m and 9 m is 6 days and 17 days faster than that of ordinary slotted bits.

关 键 词：水力割缝 数值模拟 水射流 钻头研制 

分 类 号：TD712.6[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]