耕作与秸秆还田深度变化对不同土层团聚体稳定性的影响  

Effects of different tillage and straw returning depths on soil aggregate stability of different soil layers

作　　者：于洪久 王根林 段衍 刘峥宇 时妍 刘沣漫 王伟 邱广伟[5] 孙磊 李玉梅 YU Hong-jiu;WANG Gen-lin;DUAN Yan;LIU Zheng-yu;SHI Yan;LIU Feng-man;WANG Wei;QIU Guang-wei;SUN Lei;LI Yu-mei(Heilongjiang Black Soil Conservation and Utilization Research Institute,Key Laboratory of Black Land Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Harbin Heilongjiang 150086;Hefei Institute of Material Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei Anhui 230031;Heilongjiang Suibin Farm,Suibin Heilongjiang 156299;Bao Quanling Branch of Heilongjiang Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Service Co.,Ltd,Jiamusi Heilongjiang 154211;Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161601)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院,农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院,安徽合肥230031 [3]黑龙江省绥滨农场,黑龙江绥滨156299 [4]黑龙江北大荒现代农业服务集团有限公司宝泉岭分公司,黑龙江佳木斯154211 [5]黑龙江省农业科学院克山分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161601

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第1期1-7,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500305、2022YFD1500704、2016YFD0300806);国家大豆产业技术体系(CARS-04-01A)。

摘　　要：耕作和秸秆还田可以改变土壤理化性状,影响土壤团聚体的稳定性。采用田间定位试验,研究耕作与秸秆还田深度变化对旱地草甸土不同深度土层水稳性团聚体稳定性的影响,为科学开展秸秆还田培肥土壤提供依据。结果表明:土壤团聚体稳定性受>2000μm粒径大团聚体影响较大,连续5年翻耕显著降低了表层(0~20 cm)土壤>2000μm粒径水稳性大团聚体的占比,增加了53~250μm微团聚体和<53μm黏粉粒的比例。浅翻(ST)和秸秆浅翻还田(STS)与深翻(DT)和秸秆深翻还田(DTS)分别对10~20和20~30 cm土层黏粉粒的增加影响较大,其中,10~20 cm土层ST较免耕(NT)和DT处理分别增加86.21%和14.65%,20~30 cm土层DT较NT和ST处理分别增加113.82%和59.68%,差异显著(P<0.05);连续翻耕由于对亚耕层(20~40 cm)的频繁扰动,导致250~2000μm粒径团聚体的稳定性降低,DT较NT和ST与DTS处理较覆盖免耕(NTS)和STS处理分别平均降低19.43%与20.57%,且差异显著(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,连续相同耕作方式或秸秆还田方式不利于形成稳定的土壤团聚体结构,建议今后生产中采用轮耕轮还等保护性耕作方式调整秸秆还田深度,以达到改善土壤结构、提高团聚体稳定性、培肥土壤的目标。Tillage and straw returning could change the stability of soil aggregates and physical characteristics.The field positioning experiment was conducted to study the influence of tillage and straw returning depth on the stability of soil water-stable aggregates so as to provide a scientific basis for straw returning depth on dry meadow soil.The results showed that stability of aggregates was affected by the proportion of macro-aggregates with grain size>2000μm.The water-stable macro-aggregates with grain size>2000μm in 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly decreased but contents of 53-250μm micro-aggregates and clay silt particles<53μm were increased with constantly tillage in five years.Among them,clay silt particles<53μm with shallow tillage in 10-20 cm soil layer increased by 86.21%and 14.65%,respectively,compared with no tillage and deep tillage,and deep tillage in 20-30 cm soil layer increased by 113.82%and 59.68%,respectively,compared with no tillage and shallow tillage(P<0.05).Deep tillage had a great impact on the reduction of 250-2000μm particle size aggregates in 20-40 cm soil layer,which was 19.43%and 20.57%on average,respectively,lower than no tillage and shallow tillage,straw mulching and straw shallow returning with significant differences(P<0.05).The stability of aggregates was reduced due to the disturbance of continuous deep tillage to the subsoil,all of these can provide a scientific basis to improve the soil structural properties and the stability of aggregates and fertilize the soil,and the depth of tillage and straw returning should be adjusted by means of rotation in future production.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 耕作 水稳性团聚体 稳定性 土壤深度 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] S152[农业科学—农业基础科学]