施用生物有机肥对云当归产量、品质及土壤养分的影响  

Effects of bio-organic fertilizer application on yield and quality of Yun angelica and the soil nutrients

作　　者：杜彩艳[1] 蜂述先 杨鹏 孙曦 王攀磊 此主拉姆 李卫林 彭慧娉 DU Cai-yan;FENG Shu-xian;YANG Peng;SUN Xi;WANG Pan-lei;CI Zhu-lamu;LI Wei-lin;PENG Hui-ping(Institute of Agricultural Environment&Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming Yunnan 650205;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Weixi Lisu Autonomous County,Weixi Yunnan 674600)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]维西傈僳族自治县农业农村局,云南维西674600

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第1期149-156,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：云南省科技创新强省计划(2014AE014);维西县乡村振兴涉农项目(ZD20210147);云南省科技厅“三区”科技人才支持计划。

摘　　要：为给云南省维西县云当归高产、优质和合理施肥提供理论依据,采用防草布覆盖开展云当归成药栽培田间试验,设置不施肥(CK1)、常规施肥(CK2)、单施化肥(C)、单施生物有机肥Ⅰ号(B_(Ⅰ))、单施生物有机肥Ⅱ号(B_(Ⅱ))、50%化肥+生物有机肥Ⅰ号(1/2C+B_(Ⅰ))、50%化肥+生物有机肥Ⅱ号(1/2C+B_(Ⅱ))7个处理,研究了不同施肥处理对云当归产量构成因素、药材产量、品质和土壤养分的影响。结果表明,(1)施用生物有机肥能促进云当归主根长、根粗、侧根数、单株鲜重、干重增加,显著提高云当归鲜、干药材产量(P<0.05),生物有机肥处理云当归鲜、干药材产量较CK1分别增产41.50%~201.13%、35.00%~69.42%,其中,1/2C+B_(Ⅰ)处理鲜干产量最高,1/2C+B_(Ⅱ)处理次之。(2)施用生物有机肥可提高云当归药材阿魏酸、挥发油、浸出物和多糖含量,降低总灰分含量,有效改善云当归药材品质;(3)施用生物有机肥可显著提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量(P<0.05)。施用生物有机肥处理土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量较CK1分别提高11.77%~16.77%、5.64%~13.17%、15.74%~95.78%和26.71%~140.53%。综合云当归产量构成因素、产量、品质与土壤养分,本试验条件下,要实现维西县云当归高产优质以处理1/2C+B_(Ⅰ)效果最佳。In order to provide theoretical basis for high yield,high quality and rational fertilization rate of Yun angelica in Weixi County,a field experiment of proprietary medicine cultivation of Yun angelica was conducted under weedproof cloth mulching.Seven treatments were set up,i.e.no fertilization(CK1),conventional fertilization(CK2),single chemical fertilizer application(C),single bio-organic fertilizerⅠapplication(B_(Ⅰ)),single bio-organic fertilizerⅡapplication(B_(Ⅱ)),50%chemical fertilizer+bio-organic fertilizerⅠ(1/2C+B_(Ⅰ)),50%chemical fertilizer+bio-organic fertilizerⅡ(1/2C+B_(Ⅱ)),to explore the effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield components,yield,quality and soil fertility of Yun angelica.The results showed that:(1)Application of bio-organic fertilizer promoted an increase of main root length,root diameter,lateral root number,fresh and dry weight per plant,and significantly increased both the fresh and dry yield of Yun angelica(P<0.05).Compared to the CK1,all treatments with bio-organic fertilizer increased the fresh and dry yield of Yun angelica by 41.50%-201.13%and 35.00%-69.42%,respectively,of which 1/2C+B_(Ⅰ)treatment had the highest fresh yield and dry yield of Yun angelica,followed by the 1/2C+B_(Ⅱ)treatment.(2)Application of bio-organic fertilizer increased the content of ferulic acid,volatile oil and polysaccharide,reduced the total ash content,and effectively improved the quality of Yun angelica.(3)Application of bio-organic fertilizer significantly increased the content of soil organic matter,alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium(P<0.05).Compared to the CK1,all bioorganic fertilizer treatment increased the content of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium by 11.77%-16.77%,5.64%-13.17%,15.74%-95.78%and 26.71%-140.53%,respectively.Considering the yield components,yield,quality and soil fertility of Yun angelica,the application of 1/2C+B_(Ⅰ)treatment was the best wit

关 键 词：生物有机肥 云当归 产量 品质 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培] S158[农业科学—作物学]