不同氮素形态对木薯生长及根际土壤养分与酶活性的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Forms on Cassava Growth,Rhizosphere Soil Nutrients and Enzyme Activities

作　　者：姜舒雅 孙彬杰 林萱 刘文杰 朱杰辉 宋勇[1,4,5,6] JIANG Shuya;SUN Binjie;LIN Xuan;LIU Wenjie;ZHU Jiehui;SONG Yong(College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Hunan Xiangyan Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Orient Science&Technology College,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan410128,China;Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Potato,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Engi�neering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding,Ministry of Education,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南湘研种业有限公司,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南农业大学东方科技学院,湖南长沙410128 [4]湖南省马铃薯工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128 [5]园艺作物种质创新与新品种选育教育部工程研究中心,湖南长沙410128 [6]蔬菜生物学湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第3期632-640,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(No.CARS-11-HNSY)。

摘　　要：通过研究不同氮素形态对华南9号(SC9)木薯生长及根际土壤养分、土壤酶活性的影响,为湖南地区木薯科学施肥提供理论依据。本试验设CK(不施氮肥)、T1(酰胺态氮-尿素)、T2(铵态氮-硫酸铵)、T3(硝态氮-硝酸钙)4个处理(土壤肥力水平一致,氮肥施用量均为180 kg/hm^(2))研究不同氮素形态处理对木薯的株高、茎粗、土壤养分、土壤酶活性及产量与品质的影响。结果表明:不同氮素处理较CK处理均提高了木薯的株高、茎粗、产量与品质,T2处理下木薯的株高、茎粗、产量、干物率、淀粉含量均最高,较CK处理分别显著提高13.51%、32.24%、61.72%、6.44%、19.86%。施氮改变了根际土壤养分含量,T2处理对木薯根际土壤养分含量促进效果最好;T2处理的土壤有机质、碱解氮含量均高于其他处理,块根形成和块根膨大期T2处理的速效钾含量高于其他处理;与CK处理相比,施氮提高了木薯根际土壤酶活性。随着生长期的推移,脲酶活性表现为逐渐升高,蔗糖酶活性表现为先降低后升高,过氧化氢酶和硝酸还原酶活性表现为先升高后降低。其中T2处理土壤蔗糖酶活性最高。综合来看,在湖南地区,氮素形态不同对木薯生长和土壤环境的影响具有差异性,施氮处理较CK处理提高土壤的肥力水平,进而提高了木薯地上部分的生长,从而提高了木薯产量与品质,其中以施用铵态氮肥更有利于木薯SC9生长和产量提高。The effects of different nitrogen forms on the growth,rhizosphere soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities of cassava variety Huanan 9(SC9)were studied to provide theoretical basis for the scientific fertilization of cassava in Hunan Province.CK(no nitrogen fertilizer),T1(amide nitrogen-urea),T2(ammonium nitrogen-ammonium sulfate)and T3(nitrate nitrogen-calcium nitrate)were set in the study.The level of soil fertility was the same,and the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was 180 kg/hm2.Effects of different nitrogen forms on plant height,stem diameter,soil nutrients,soil enzyme activity,yield and quality of cassava were studied.Compared with CK,different nitrogen treatments improved plant height,stem diameter,yield and quality of cassava.T2 had the highest plant height,stem diameter,yield,dry matter rate and starch content,which was significantly higher than that of CK by 13.51%,32.24%,61.72%,6.44%,19.86%.Nitrogen application changed the nutrient content of rhizosphere soil,and T2 had the best effect on the nutrient content of cassava rhizosphere soil.The contents of soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in T2 were higher than those in the other treatments.The content of available potassium in T2 was higher than that in other treatments at root formation stage and root expansion stage.Compared with CK,nitrogen application increased soil enzyme activity in cassava rhizosphere.With the passage of the growth period,urease activity increased gradually,sucrase activity decreased at first and then increased,catalase and nitrate reductase activity increased at first and then decreased.Among them,the soil sucrase activity in T2 was the highest.Comprehensive analysis,in Hunan,the effects of different nitrogen forms on cassava growth and soil environment were different.Compared with CK,nitrogen application improved soil fertility,and then improved the growth of aboveground parts of cassava,thus improving the yield and quality of cassava.Among them,the application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is mor

关 键 词：木薯 氮素形态 土壤养分 土壤酶活 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]