设计先行和混合控制——旧金山区划中商业用地类型演变解析、特色和启示  

Design-based Planning and Mixed Land Use Control:The Evolution Analysis,Characteristic and Enlightenment of Zoning Commercial Land Categories in San Francisco

作　　者：蒋正良[1,2] 张楠 罗美雪[3] Jiang Zhengliang;Zhang Nan;Luo Meixue

机构地区：[1]青岛理工大学 [2]加州大学戴维斯分校 [3]福建省海岛与海岸带管理技术研究重点实验室

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2024年第1期108-116,共9页Urban Planning International

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2020ME216);福建省海岛与海岸带管理技术研究重点实验室开放课题(FJCIMTS2021-008);国家社科基金后期资助项目(21FYSB050)。

摘　　要：1960年代以来,美国商业发展导致城市用地布局和空间形态产生了很大变化。旧金山区划在引导控制商业用地发展过程中,吸收了城市设计理念,引入了多种创新措施,如混合区、特殊区和命名区等,实现了区划用地管理与城市设计的结合。本文通过解析旧金山现行区划中的商业用地类型并分析其演变过程,介绍历次区划商业用地类型的增补和变更及其所依据的研究和规划,分析旧金山区划对城市设计理念的吸收及其精细化用地分类、混合控制等策略,提出可供我国城市商业用地分类借鉴的几点启示,包括在法定规划中引入城市设计理念,开展商业用地近期建设规划工作,尝试将城市商业用地规划“控规化”,以及探讨增补规划用地分类的可行性等。Since the 1960s,the development of American commerce has led to great changes in urban land layout and spatial form.In the process of guiding and controlling the development of commercial land,San Francisco’s zoning Categories has absorbed the concept of urban design and introduced a variety of innovative measures,such as mixed land use districts,special use districts and named districts,so as to realize the combination of zoning and urban design.This paper initially gives a detailed review of the evolution of zoning designations in San Francisco,analyzes its evolution process,and introduces the additions and changes of commercial zoning designation,as well as the research and planning which support it.And then it analyzes the absorption of urban design concept by San Francisco’s zoning,and its fine land classification,mixed control and other strategies.Finally,it puts forward some enlightenment for the designation of urban commercial land in China,including introducing the concept of urban design into the legal planning,carrying out the immediate plan of commercial land,and editing the plan with reference to the regulatory plan,and discussing the feasibility of supplementing the classification of planned land.

关 键 词：区划用地分类 商业用地 特别功能区 混合用地 城市格局 设计控制 旧金山 

分 类 号：TU984.13[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]