《诗经》风诗叙事及其传统——《诗经》研读笔记之二  

Narrative and Traditions of Folksongs in The Book of Songs-Note Two of Reading and Research on The Book of Songs

作　　者：董乃斌[1] DONG Nai-bin(School of Literature,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学文学院,上海200444

出　　处：《东北师大学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第2期1-11,共11页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：《诗经》十五国风,长短160首诗,记录着上古社会生活和周人情感活动的种种情况与风貌,它们同《诗经》中的史诗一样,贯穿着并构成了中国文学的抒(情)叙(事)传统。它们涉及的内容主要有恋爱家庭、农事生产、战争徭役、对统治者的美刺等几大方面。以往因为叙事一直受到忽视,风诗常被笼统称为抒情诗,中国文学也被说成是只有“一个抒情传统”。本文试取叙事视角,指出《诗经》风诗中不少篇章与历史记载可以互证,有的诗篇明显叙述一个故事(或个人经历),有的诗表面虽未直赋,却通过比兴、咏叹、对话、独白乃至写景抒情暗示出其背后实含一桩事情,从而切实地反映出生活的一角。这种“事在诗外”和抒叙浑融的现象是《诗经》风诗的重要艺术特色。运用叙事分析方法读诗,能够更全面细致地揭示抒情诗的丰富内涵,也更确切地理解中国文学从源头开始就贯穿着互惠博弈的抒叙两大传统,而绝非只有一个抒情传统。Folksongs of fifteen states in The Book of Songs,containing 160 poems in varying lengths,record various aspects and styles of ancient social life and the emotional activities of the people in Zhou Dynasty.Like the epic poems in The Book of Songs,they run through and constitute the narrative and lyric tradition of Chinese literature.The main contents they involve include love and family,agricultural production,war and corvee,praise and criticism of rulers,etc.In the past,due to the neglect of narrative,folksongs were often generically referred to as lyric poems,and Chinese literature was also said to have“single lyric tradition.”This article adopts a narrative perspective,pointing out that many chapters of folksongs in The Book of Songs can be mutually confirmed with historical records.Some poems clearly narrate a story(or personal experience).Others,though not explicitly stating a particular event on the surface,imply a deeper meaning or story behind them through the use of metaphor,analogy,dialogue,monologue,or descriptive lyrics.This approach allows the poems to effectively reflect a slice of life,embodying the artistic characteristic of“the essence lies beyond the poem”and the blend of lyricism and narration.This phenomenon is a crucial aspect of folksongs in The Book of Songs.Reading poetry through narrative analysis techniques can assist readers in uncovering the profound implications of lyric poems in a more comprehensive and meticulous manner.Additionally,it enhances readers'understanding that Chinese literature has always been a blend of narrative and lyric traditions since its inception,rather than being limited to just single lyric tradition.

关 键 词：诗经 风诗 叙事 事在诗外 抒叙传统 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]