基于结构方程模型的大兴安岭北部天然林林下草本物种多样性驱动力分析  

Driving Forces of Herbaceous Species Diversity in Natural Forests in Northern Greater Khingan Mountains Based on Structural Equation Model

作　　者：王子瑞 妙文豪 呼日查 高明龙 刘磊 李岩[2] 付宇 萨如拉[1] WANG Zi-rui;MIAO Wen-hao;HU Ri-cha;GAO Ming-long;LIU Lei;LI Yan;FU Yu;SA Ru-la(College of Forestry,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,Inner Mongolia,China;College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,Inner Mongolia,China;School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学林学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [3]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2024年第2期13-20,共8页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“大兴安岭白桦次生林生态修复关键技术研究与示范”(2020GG0067)。

摘　　要：林下草本层植物在森林群落结构稳定性的调节和生态功能的发挥上具有非常重要的作用,是森林生态系统不可或缺的组成部分。以大兴安岭北部天然林为研究对象,运用结构方程模型探究气候、土壤和林分空间结构等环境因子对林下草本物种多样性的相对重要性,并探讨影响因子之间存在的复杂关系对林下草本物种多样性的影响机理。结果表明,从整体上来看,气候、土壤和林分空间结构对林下草本物种多样性均有较强的影响作用,其中气候的影响强度最大,土壤次之,林分空间结构的影响作用最小。从中介效应上来看,气候变化会导致土壤和林分空间结构发生变化,进而影响林下草本物种多样性,除此之外,还发现林分空间结构的改变,也会导致土壤性质发生变化,进而影响林下草本物种多样性。从影响系数上来看,影响林下草本物种多样性的驱动因子因各影响因素的不同而存在差异,年均降水、有机碳含量、混交度是分别表征气候因子、土壤因子、林分空间结构影响林下草本物种多样性的主导因子。在大兴安岭林区开展林下草本物种多样性保护及修复工作时,可适当调整混交度,维持合理的林分结构,并综合考虑改善土壤养分的森林经营方案。Understory herbaceous plants play a very important role in the regulation of forest community structure stability and ecological function,and are an indispensable part of forest ecosystem.In this paper,the natural forests occurring in the northern Greater Khingan Mountains were taken as the research objects,the structural equation model was used to study the relative importance of factors such as climate,soil and stand spatial structure on the diversity of understory herbaceous species,and the complex relationship between the influencing factors was discussed.Climate factors,soil factors and stand spatial structure had a strong effect on the diversity of understory herbaceous species.Among them,the influence of climate factors was the largest,followed by soil factors,and the stand spatial structure.From the perspective of mediating effect,climate change will lead to changes in soil and stand spatial structure,which will affect the diversity of understory herbaceous species.In addition,changes in stand spatial structure will also lead to changes in soil properties,which will affect the diversity of understory herbaceous species.From the perspective of influence coefficient,the dominant factors affecting the diversity of understory herbaceous species are different due to different influencing factors.Annual average precipitation,organic carbon content and mingling degree are the dominant factors that characterize the influence of climatic factors,soil factors and stand spatial structure on the diversity of understory herbaceous species.When carrying out the protection and restoration of understory herbaceous species diversity in the Greater Khingan Mountains forest area,the mingling degree can be appropriately adjusted to maintain a reasonable stand structure,and the forest management plan for improving soil nutrients can be comprehensively considered.

关 键 词：草本物种多样性 结构方程模型 驱动力分析 林分空间结构 大兴安岭北部 

分 类 号：S757.9[农业科学—森林经理学]