数据安全视角下数据交易的激励机制——兼论数据交易平台治理模式  

The Incentive Mechanisms for Data Trading from the Perspective of Data Security———On the Governance of Data Trading Platforms

作　　者：段巍[1] 袁健 DUAN Wei;YUAN Jian(School of Economics,Nanjing University,210093)

机构地区：[1]南京大学经济学院,210093

出　　处：《上海经济研究》2024年第2期54-69,共16页Shanghai Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“数字通用技术扩散下中国制造业的创新集成与价值链跃迁研究”(项目编号:71903086);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“新型城镇化进程中的技能偏向型集聚与居民收入差距研究”(项目编号:23YJA790019)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：数据的交易与共享是释放数据要素价值的关键。不过,数字技术的发展一方面增加了企业对数据要素的需求,另一方面又加剧了数字安全风险,导致数据要素的价值不能充分实现。本文基于数据安全的视角,构建了一个包含数据交易平台的三部门动态一般均衡模型,引入数据交易平台在数据整合、数据交易与数据安全服务这三个维度上的决策,研究了数据交易平台的治理模式对数据交易规模、企业数字技术资本投资以及消费者福利的影响。研究发现:首先,数据交易平台收取的交易佣金虽然提高了数据交易成本,但亦会通过提供数据安全服务的方式增加企业数据交易的意愿,因而消费者福利、数据交易规模与交易佣金率呈现倒U型关系;其次,由于存在价格扭曲效应,数据交易规模最大化的佣金率水平要低于消费者福利最大化的佣金率水平;最后,由于价格扭曲程度的不同,相比于对买方收取佣金,对卖方收取佣金所对应的均衡消费者福利和数据交易规模更高。本文为大数据环境下的数据安全治理和数据交易平台的激励机制设计提供了参考。Data trading and sharing are keys to unleashing the value of data assets.However,while the development of digital technologies increases the demand for data,it simultaneously intensifies the risks associated with digital security,leading to a scenario where the potential value of data cannot be fully realized.From the perspective of data security,this paper develops a dynamic general equilibrium model encompassing three sectors including a data trading platform.It introduces decision-making processes within the data trading platform across three dimensions:data integration,data trading,and data security services.The study explores the impact of the governance of data trading platforms on the scale of data trading,investment in digital technology capital by firms,and consumer welfare.The findings reveal,firstly,that while transaction commissions imposed by data trading platforms increase the cost of data trading,they also encourage firms to trade more data by providing digital security services,resulting in an inverted U-shaped relationship between consumer welfare,the scale of data trading,and the commission rate.Secondly,due to the price distortions,the commission rate that maximizes the scale of data trading is lower than the rate that maximizes consumer welfare.Lastly,the equilibrium consumer welfare and scale of data trading are higher when commissions are levied on sellers as opposed to buyers,due to varying degrees of price distortions.This paper offers insights for the governance of data security and the design of incentive mechanisms for data trading platforms in the context of big data.

关 键 词：数据安全 数据交易 机制设计 数据交易平台 数字技术资本 

分 类 号：F224[经济管理—国民经济]