法权义务在何种意义上是伦理义务?——对康德义务体系的讨论  

In What Sense Is the Duty of Right Ethical Duty?On Kant's System of Duties

作　　者：刘作 LIU Zuo(Department of Philosophy,Sun Yat-sen University)

机构地区：[1]中山大学哲学系

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2024年第2期162-171,共10页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“康德《伦理学讲义》的翻译与研究”(22BZX078)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在康德哲学中,法权义务存在着外在性与无条件的规范性之间的矛盾。这个矛盾可以在康德强调的“法权义务是间接的伦理义务”的观点中得到澄清。将定言命令运用于人的特殊本性,就得到了伦理义务。考虑到人的特殊本性,伦理义务可以被区分出法权义务。基于人的实践活动的特点,伦理义务必须被区分出法权义务。由于法权义务的基本原则可以从定言命令推导而来,因而法权义务属于伦理学。从法权义务可以被外在强制来看,法权义务是间接的伦理义务。我们不能把“法权义务是间接的伦理义务”理解为法权义务只是道德的手段,而应该理解为它是可以被外在强制的伦理义务。由此,从法权义务与伦理义务的关系来看,它具有无条件的规范性,从法权义务可以被外在强制来看,它又具有外在性。In Kant's philosophical system,there exists a contradiction between the externality and the unconditional normativity of the duty of right.This contradiction is seen in Kant's view that“the duty of right is indirect ethical duty”.The ethical duty is derived from the application of the categorical imperative to the special nature of human beings.Due to the special nature of human beings,the ethical duty can be distinguished from the duty of right.Kant further divides the ethical duty into the duty of right which can be externally forced and the duty of virtue which cannot be externally forced because of the characteristics of human's practical activities.Since the basic principle of right can be derived from the categorical imperative,the duty of right belongs to ethics.From the viewpoint that the duty of right can be forced externally,the duty of right is indirect ethical duty.We should not understand the duty of right as only a means of morality,but as ethical duty that can be externally forced.Therefore,if viewed from the relationship between the duty of right and the ethical duty,it is unconditional;if from the perspective that it can be forced externally,it has externality.

关 键 词：康德 法权义务 伦理义务 定言命令 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论] B82-05[政治法律—法学]