再论苏联马克思主义:从21世纪俄罗斯马克思主义的视野出发  

Rethinking Soviet Marxism from the Perspective of Russian Marxism in the 21st Century

作　　者：郭丽双 杜宛玥 GUO Lishuang;DU Wanyue

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院,上海200433

出　　处：《思想战线》2024年第2期20-28,共9页Thinking

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“21世纪俄罗斯马克思主义研究”阶段性成果(20&ZD011);上海市哲学社会科学规划项目“21世纪俄罗斯马克思主义前沿问题研究”阶段性成果(2020BZX011)。

摘　　要：对苏联马克思主义的追问不仅关乎历史,而且直接关涉到马克思主义的未来。近年来,当代俄罗斯马克思主义学者从多种阐释路径论证十月革命的合法性基础、合理性根据和创造性本质,强调从辩证的非线性逻辑出发把握苏联不同历史时期的质性差异,指认苏联模式对异化关系消亡规律的背离以及苏联文化的二元悖反,并从领导力量的全面崩溃入手指证苏联解体的非理性和主观性因素。当代俄罗斯马克思主义的思想之辩确证了以下重要的理论问题:马克思主义是学理性与意识形态性的双重统一,苏联马克思主义是马克思主义俄国化的一个版本,是作为推动俄罗斯现代化发展的一种特殊方式。我国应重视马克思主义俄国化和马克思主义中国化的国别化研究,基于学理性研究批驳错误论断、严肃回应意识形态挑战。The questioning of Soviet Marxism is not only related to history,but also directly concerns the future of Marxism.In recent years,contemporary Russian Marxist scholars have argued for the legitimacy,rationality,and creative nature of the October Revolution from a variety of interpretive approaches.They underlined the qualitative differences in different historical periods of the Soviet Union from the dialectical and nonlinear logic and pointed out the departure of the Soviet model from the law of alienation relations and the binary paradox of Soviet culture.They also figured out the irrational and subjective factors of the disintegration of the Soviet Union from the comprehensive collapse of the leadership.The discussion of contemporary Russian Marxism confirms an important theoretical issue:Marxism is a dual unity of academic thought and ideology.As a version of Russification of Marxism,Soviet Marxism functions as a special way to promote the development of Russian modernization.China should attach importance to the study of Russification of Marxism and localization of Marxism in China,refute erroneous conclusions based on scientific research,and seriously respond to ideological challenges.

关 键 词：苏联马克思主义 俄罗斯马克思主义 十月革命 苏联解体 苏联社会主义 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]