生物炭与化肥配施对紫色土坡耕地侵蚀性耕层土壤水分及入渗特性的影响  

Effects of Biochar and Fertilizer Application on Soil Moisture and Infiltration Performance of the Erosive Plow Layer Soil in Sloping Farmland of Purple Soil

作　　者：李鸿 史东梅 盘礼东 LI Hong;SHI Dongmei;PAN Lidong(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University/Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Ministry of Education,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院/三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期121-132,共12页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771310).

摘　　要：土壤水分及入渗是坡耕地降雨径流侵蚀的关键环节.采用铲土侵蚀模拟法,建立5种侵蚀程度的坡耕地原位试验,开展不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(F)、生物炭与化肥配施(BF)的对比试验,分析不同施肥措施与侵蚀程度下土壤水分及入渗性能变化.结果表明:①在不同施肥措施下,BF提高了土壤中粉粒占比,显著降低了土壤容质量,增大了毛管孔隙度,提高了土壤自然含水率;而随着侵蚀强度加剧,土壤容质量总体呈现上升趋势,总孔隙度则呈相反规律,自然含水率也随之下降.②坡耕地耕层土壤稳定入渗率从大到小依次为:CK,F,BF,对施肥措施响应显著,但土壤侵蚀强度对入渗特征作用不显著;Philip模型对施肥措施下坡耕地侵蚀性耕层土壤水分入渗过程模拟效果最佳,Horton模型能较好地反映低侵蚀强度下耕层入渗规律,而高侵蚀强度下则以Philip模型拟合效果更优.③冗余分析(RDA)结果显示,BF、土壤侵蚀厚度20 cm(S-20)、F、CK、土壤侵蚀厚度15 cm(S-15)是引起耕层土壤物理性能与入渗参数发生变化的主要因素(p<0.05);土壤孔隙度以及水分指标与砂粒、粉粒均呈正相关,与黏粒、容质量呈负相关;土壤容质量与黏粒、入渗特征存在正相关关系;同时,15 cm侵蚀厚度(S-15)是该研究区紫色土坡耕地侵蚀性耕层土壤的承受阈值.Soil moisture and infiltration are key aspects of rainfall runoff erosion on sloping farmland.Field test plots with 5 soil erosion intensities were established by using the shovel erosion simulation test method.Based on those field test plots,comparative tests were carried out with no fertilizer application(CK),fertilizer application alone(F)and biochar and fertilizer application(BF)to investigate the effects of biochar and fertilizer application on soil physical properties and infiltration performance of purple soil in sloping farmland.The results show that:①Under different fertilizer applications,BF increased the proportion of silt in the soil,significantly reduced the soil bulk density,increased the soil capillary porosity and the natural water content,while the soil bulk density generally showed a rising trend with the increase of erosion intensity,but the soil total porosity and natural water content showed an opposite pattern.②Among the soil water infiltration parameters,only the stable infiltration rate responded significantly to the fertilizer application,showing a pattern of reducing as CK,F,BF,but the effect of soil erosion intensity on infiltration characteristics was not significant.The Philip model was found to be the most effective under different fertilizer applications in this study area.Under different erosion intensities,the Horton was a better model under low erosion intensity,while the Philip model responded better under high erosion intensity.③The results of the redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that BF,soil erosion thickness of 20 cm(S-20),F,CK and soil erosion thickness of 15 cm(S-15)were the main factors causing changes in soil physical properties and infiltration parameters(p<0.05).Soil porosity and moisture characteristics were positively correlated with sand and silt of soil,and negatively correlated with clay and bulk density of soil.Soil bulk density had a positive effect on clay grains and infiltration characteristics.In conclusion,the application of biochar with chemical fertiliz

关 键 词：生物炭 土壤侵蚀 耕层 入渗模型 紫色土坡耕地 

分 类 号：P426.68[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]