一种两级螺旋精准变量自动对靶遥控施肥装置的研究与试验  

Research and Experiment on a Two-Stage Spiral Precision Variable Auto-Targeting Remote Fertilization Device

作　　者：郑钧耀 王旭 秦威 付兴兰 李光林[1] ZHENG Junyao;WANG Xu;QIN Wei;FU Xinglan;LI Guanglin(College of Engineering and Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学工程技术学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期174-188,共15页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：农业农村部gg项目(NK202216010402);重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(cstc2019jscx-gksbX0001).

摘　　要：针对目前螺旋施肥装置在果园施肥过程中排肥脉动较大导致排肥均匀性差和排肥稳定性低等问题,研制了一种两级螺旋施肥装置.采用EDEM仿真软件进行了侧面排肥口开口角度的优化,研究了该施肥装置上下两级螺杆不同转速比对排肥均匀性和稳定性的影响;室内台架试验标定了复合肥、尿素、有机肥的单圈排肥量,并建立了排肥控制模型;设计了以STM32F103RCT6单片机为核心的精准变量自动对靶遥控施肥控制系统;通过室外大棚果园试验检验了该装置的对靶精度与排肥性能.仿真结果表明:排肥口开口角度和上下两级螺杆不同转速比会影响该施肥装置的排肥均匀性和稳定性,且最佳开口角度为50°,最佳转速比为1∶1.5,其排肥均匀性变异系数的均值为7.35%,肥料填充系数方差为0.009.室内台架试验结果表明:当电机转速在120 r/min内时,3种肥料实际单圈排肥量与理论单圈排肥量相对误差最大为3.37%,单圈排肥稳定性变异系数最大为2.83%,该装置排肥准确且单圈排肥量稳定.室外大棚果园试验结果表明:单棵柑橘树实际排肥量与给定排肥量相对误差最大为4.35%;自动对靶起点误差最大为0.17 m,终点误差最大为0.08 m,且肥料掉落位置均在柑橘树冠层直径内;排肥稳定性变异系数最大为7.22%;3种肥料中排肥均匀性变异系数最大为6.41%.该装置有效减小了排肥脉动,提高了排肥性能,且对靶误差小,满足果园精准变量自动对靶遥控施肥要求.该研究以期为两级螺旋施肥装置排肥脉动问题的优化提供理论依据,并为精准变量施肥提供技术参考.In view of the problems of poor fertilizer discharge uniformity and low fertilizer discharge stability caused by large fertilizer discharge pulsation in the process of fertilizing orchards with spiral fertilizer applicators,a two-stage spiral fertilization device was developed.The optimization of the discharge angle of the side fertilization port was conducted using EDEM simulation software,and the effects of different speed ratios of the upper and lower screws on the uniformity and stability of fertilizer discharge were studied.Indoor bench tests calibrated the amounts of fertilizer for a single-revolution discharge of compound fertilizer,urea and organic fertilizer,and established a fertilizer discharge control model.A precision variable auto-targeting remote fertilization control system was designed with STM32F103RCT6 microcontroller as the core.The device's targeting accuracy and fertilizer discharge performance were tested in outdoor greenhouse orchards.The simulation results showed that the discharge angle of the fertilization port and the different speed ratios of the upper and lower screws could affect the uniformity and stability of the fertilization device,with the optimal discharge angle being 50°and the optimal speed ratio being 1∶1.5.The average of uniformity variation coefficient for fertilizer discharge was 7.35%,and the variance of filling coefficient was 0.009.The indoor bench test results showed that when the motor speed was within 120 r/min,the maximum relative error between the actual and theoretical single-revolution fertilizer discharge amounts for the three types of fertilizers was 3.37%,and the maximum stability variation coefficient for single-revolution fertilizer discharge was 2.83%.The device achieved accurate fertilizer discharge and stable single-revolution fertilizer discharge amounts.The outdoor greenhouse orchard test results showed that the maximum relative error between the actual and given fertilizer discharge amounts for a single citrus tree was 4.35%,the maximum starting p

关 键 词：农机设计 离散元仿真 肥料 精准变量施肥装置 施肥控制系统 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论] S224.21[农业科学—农业机械化工程]